van Trijp, R.
A Computational Construction Grammar for English.
The AAAI 2017 Spring Symposium on Computational Construction Grammar and Natural Language Understanding Technical Report,
no. SS-17-02,
pages 266-273,
Stanford,
2017
Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.
2017
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { van trijp:17a,
ADDRESS="Stanford",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="The AAAI 2017 Spring Symposium on Computational Construction Grammar and Natural Language Understanding Technical Report",
NUMBER="SS-17-02",
PAGES="266--273",
PUBLISHER="Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence",
TITLE="A Computational Construction Grammar for English",
YEAR="2017",
}
Sony CSL authors: Peter Hanappe, Luc Steels
Abstract
Agroecology – the science of sustainable agriculture – offers a new and positive perspective for the creation of sustainable food systems. We argue that, from the outset, it is important to involve citizens in this development to create the necessary, bottom-up support for change in agriculture and to re-establish the ties between food production and consumption. Human Computation and Citizen Science offer opportunities to include citizens in the planning, monitoring and evaluation of agro-ecosystems. In the P2P Food Lab project, we also seek new ways to engage them more creatively by setting up a shared online/offline platform in which they can learn, practice, innovate, and share observations on agroecological techniques. This paper gives a description and the underlying motivations of our ongoing work.
Type: article
Keywords: sustainability, agroecology, human-computation, citizen-science
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@ARTICLE { hanappe:16a,
AUTHOR="Hanappe P. and Dunlop R. and Maes A. and Steels L. and Duval N.",
JOURNAL="Human Computation Journal",
TITLE="Agroecology: A Fertile Field for Human Computation",
YEAR="2016",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: book
Keywords: grammar, evolution, case, Fluid Construction Grammar
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@BOOK { vantrijp:16a,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, Remi",
PUBLISHER="Language Science Press",
SERIES="Computational Models of Language Evolution",
TITLE="The Evolution of Case Grammar",
VOLUME="4",
YEAR="2016",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { vantrijp:16d,
AUTHOR="Beuls, K. and van Trijp, R.",
JOURNAL="Belgian Journal of Linguistics",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="1--13",
TITLE="Computational Construction Grammar and Constructional Change",
VOLUME="30",
YEAR="2016",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { vantrijp:16e,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
JOURNAL="Belgian Journal of Linguistics",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="15--38",
TITLE="Chopping down the syntax tree: what constructions can do instead",
VOLUME="30",
YEAR="2016",
}
Sony CSL authors: Miquel Cornudella, Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { cornudella:16a,
ADDRESS="Osaka",
AUTHOR="Cornudella, M. and Poibeau, T. and van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of COLING 2016, the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers",
PAGES="1646--1656",
PUBLISHER="The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee",
TITLE="The Role of Intrinsic Motivation in Artificial Language Emergence: a Case Study on Colour",
YEAR="2016",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: article
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { vantrijp:16b,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, Remi",
JOURNAL="Nederlandse Taalkunde",
MONTH="March",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="93--119",
TITLE="Tijd om de Syntactische Boom om te Hakken:",
VOLUME="21",
YEAR="2016",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: article
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { vantrijp:16c,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, Remi",
JOURNAL="Nederlandse Taalkunde",
MONTH="March",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="137--150",
TITLE="Verplaatsing is Geen Onschuldige Metafoor",
VOLUME="21",
YEAR="2016",
}
Cornudella, M., Van Eecke, P. and van Trijp, R.
How Intrinsic Motivation can Speed Up Language Emergence.
In Andrews, Paul and Caves, Leo and Doursat, René and Hickinbotham, Simon and Polack, Fiona and Stepney, Susan and Taylor, Tim , editor,
Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Life 2015,
pages 571-578,
Cambridge MA,
2015
MIT Press.
2015
Sony CSL authors: Miquel Cornudella, Paul Van Eecke, Remi van Trijp
Abstract
Natural languages enable humans to engage in highly complex social and conversational interactions with each other. Alife approaches to the origins and emergence of language typically manage this complexity by carefully staging the learning paths that embodied artificial agents need to follow in order to bootstrap their own communication system from scratch. This paper investigates how these scaffolds introduced by the experimenter can be removed by allowing agents to autonomously set their own challenges when they are driven by intrinsic motivation and have the capacity to self-assess their own skills at achieving their communicative goals. The results suggest that intrinsic motivation not only allows agents to spontaneously develop their own learning paths, but also that they are able to make faster transitions from one learning phase to the next.
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { miquelcorn:15a,
ADDRESS="Cambridge MA",
AUTHOR="Cornudella, M. and Van Eecke, P. and van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Life 2015",
EDITOR="Andrews, Paul and Caves, Leo and Doursat, Ren\'{e} and Hickinbotham, Simon and Polack, Fiona and Stepney, Susan and Taylor, Tim ",
PAGES="571--578",
PUBLISHER="MIT Press",
TITLE="How Intrinsic Motivation can Speed Up Language Emergence",
YEAR="2015",
}
Sony CSL authors: Paul Van Eecke
Abstract
Language comprehension in humans is very robust. With apparent ease, language users can grasp the meaning of utterances made in very bad acoustic conditions or containing grammatical errors. A key mechanism in achieving this robustness is the ability of the listener to predict what the speaker is likely to say. According to recent work in psycholinguistics, these predictions are made by covertly simulating the speaker while he is speaking and thus integrating production in comprehension. This article presents a model which makes use of this idea in order to enhance the robustness of language processing in intelligent systems, in particular to recover the intended meaning of utterances containing grammatical errors. The model is implemented in Fluid Construction Grammar and applied to a case study for the complex Dutch Verb Phrase.
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { paulvane:15a,
AUTHOR="Van Eecke, P.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the EuroAsianPacific Joint Conference on Cognitive Science",
PAGES="187-192",
TITLE="Achieving Robustness through the Integration of Production in Comprehension",
YEAR="2015",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Abstract
Sign languages (SL) require a fundamental rethinking of many basic assumptions about human language processing because instead of using linear speech, sign languages coarticulate facial expressions, shoulder and hand movements, eye gaze and usage of a three-dimensional space. SL researchers have therefore advocated SL-specific approaches that do not start from the biases of models that were originally developed for vocal languages. Unfortunately, there are currently no processing models that adequately achieve both language comprehension and formulation, and the SL-specific developments run the risk of becoming alienated from other linguistic research. This paper explores the hypothesis that a construction grammar architecture offers a solution to these problems because constructions are able to simultaneously access and manipulate information coming from many different sources. This claim is illustrated by a proof-of-concept implementation of a basic grammar for French Sign Language in Fluid Construction Grammar.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: sign language, language processing, construction grammar, computational modeling
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vantrijp:15a,
ADDRESS="Turin",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the EuroAsianPacific Joint Conference on Cognitive Science",
EDITOR="Airenti, Gabriella and Bara, Bruni G. and Sandini, Giulio",
PAGES="668--673",
PUBLISHER="University of Torino",
TITLE="Towards Bidirectional Processing Models of Sign Language: A Constructional Approach in Fluid Construction Grammar",
YEAR="2015",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { vantrijp:15b,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, Remi",
JOURNAL="Cognitive Linguistics",
NUMBER="4",
PAGES="613--632",
TITLE="Cognitive Vs. Generative Construction Grammar: The Case of Coercion and Argument Structure",
VOLUME="26",
YEAR="2015",
}
Funabashi, M., Hanappe, P., Isozaki, T., Maes A., Sasaki, T., Steels, L. and Yoshida, K.
Foundation of CS-DC e-laboratory: Open Systems Exploration for Ecosystems Leveraging.
Proceedings of Complex Systems Digital Campus '15 (CS-DC'15),
Phoenix, Arizona (USA),
Sept. 28-Oct. 2
2015
2015
Sony CSL authors: Peter Hanappe, Luc Steels
Abstract
We established a Complex Systems Digital Campus(CS-DC) e-laboratory 'Open Systems Exploration for Ecosystems Leveraging' in view of redesigning sustainable social-ecological systems related to food production ranging over food, health, community, economy, and environment. 6 projects have begun to collaborate in e-laboratory, namely Synecoculture, P2P Food Lab, Open Systems Data Analytics, The Bee Laboratory, Open Systems Simulation and One-Health Food Lab. As a transversal methodology we apply open systems science to deepen scientific understanding and for a continuous amelioration of the management. The projects involve scientists, engineers, artists, citizens and are open to collaboration inside and outside of the e-laboratory. This article summarizes foundational principles of these projects and reports initial steps in operation.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: sustainability, food production, agriculture, health, community, ecology, environmental problems, open systems, citizen science
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { funabashi:15a,
ADDRESS="Phoenix, Arizona (USA)",
AUTHOR="Funabashi, M. and Hanappe, P. and Isozaki, T. and Maes A. and Sasaki, T. and Steels, L. and Yoshida, K.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of Complex Systems Digital Campus '15 (CS-DC'15)",
MONTH="Sept. 28-Oct. 2",
TITLE="Foundation of CS-DC e-laboratory: Open Systems Exploration for Ecosystems Leveraging",
YEAR="2015",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Abstract
Long-distance dependencies are notoriously diffi cult to analyze in a formally explicit way because they involve constituents that seem to have been extracted from their canonical position in an utterance. The most widespread solution is to identify a GAP at an EXTRACTION SITE and to communicate information about that gap to its FILLER, as in What_FILLER did you see_GAP? This paper rejects the filler−gap solution and proposes a cognitive-functional alternative in which long-distance dependencies spontaneously emerge as a side eff ect of how grammatical constructions interact with each other for expressing diff erent conceptualizations. The proposal is supported by a computational implementation in Fluid Construction Grammar that works for both parsing and production.
Type: article
Keywords: Long-distance dependencies, displacement, cognitive-functional language processing, language formalization, computational modeling
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@ARTICLE { vantrijp:14a,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
JOURNAL="Language and Cognition",
NUMBER="02",
PAGES="242--270",
PUBLISHER="Cambridge University Press",
TITLE="Long-Distance Dependencies Without Filler-Gaps: A Cognitive-Functional Alternative in Fluid Construction Grammar",
VOLUME="6",
YEAR="2014",
}
van Trijp, R.
Fitness landscapes in cultural language evolution.
In Cartmill, E.A. and Roberts, S. and Lyn, H. and Cornish, H., editor,
The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG-X),
pages 334-341,
Singapore,
2014
World Scientific Press.
2014
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vantrijp:14b,
ADDRESS="Singapore",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG-X)",
EDITOR="Cartmill, E.A. and Roberts, S. and Lyn, H. and Cornish, H.",
PAGES="334--341",
PUBLISHER="World Scientific Press",
TITLE="Fitness landscapes in cultural language evolution",
YEAR="2014",
}
Sony CSL authors: Katrien Beuls, Luc Steels, Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: Fluid, Construction, Grammar
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@INPROCEEDINGS { wellens2013acl,
ADDRESS="Sofia",
AUTHOR="Wellens, P. and van Trijp, R. and Beuls, K. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
PAGES="127--132",
PUBLISHER="Association for Computational Linguistics",
TITLE="Fluid Construction Grammar for Historical and Evolutionary Linguistics",
YEAR="2013",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: article
Keywords: German
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@ARTICLE { vantrijp2013ldc,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
JOURNAL="Language Dynamics and Change",
PAGES="105--132",
TITLE="Linguistic Assessment Criteria for Explaining Language Change: A Case Study on Syncretism in German Definite Articles",
VOLUME="3",
YEAR="2013",
}
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger
Abstract
This paper investigates the function and formation of spatial language involving landmarks. We argue for two points. First, landmarks have an important function in spatial language. Agents that can use different landmarks and express their choice perform better than agents who cannot. Second, the use of landmarks has a positive effect on evolving systems of spatial relations. Agents that have the cognitive ability for using landmarks and agents that can express their choice of landmark are more successful in building spatial relation systems than those without. Based on this evidence the paper hypothesizes potential stages in the evolution of spatial language. Communicative success and in combination with environmental conditions can be driving forces for agents to go from a stage without landmarks to systems that allow arbitrary objects to be used as landmarks.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: spatial language, perspective, landmarks, cultural evolution
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@INPROCEEDINGS { spranger:12a,
AUTHOR="Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 9)",
NOTE="accepted",
TITLE="Potential Stages in the Cultural Evolution of Spatial Language",
YEAR="2012",
}
van Trijp, R.
The Emergence of Morphosyntactic Case Systems.
In Scott-Phillips, T.C. and Tamariz, M. and Cartmill, E.A. and Hurford, J.R., editor,
The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 9),
pages 360-368,
Singapore,
2012
World Scientific.
2012
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vantrijp:12b,
ADDRESS="Singapore",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 9)",
EDITOR="Scott-Phillips, T.C. and Tamariz, M. and Cartmill, E.A. and Hurford, J.R.",
PAGES="360--368",
PUBLISHER="World Scientific",
TITLE="The Emergence of Morphosyntactic Case Systems",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { vantrijp:12a,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="169--205",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Advances in Interaction Studies",
TITLE="The Evolution of Case Systems for Marking Event Structure",
VOLUME="3",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vantrijp:12c,
ADDRESS="Avignon",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
PAGES="829--839",
PUBLISHER="ACL",
TITLE="Not as Awful as it Seems: Explaining German Case through Computational Experiments in Fluid Construction Grammar",
YEAR="2012",
}
Beuls, K., van Trijp, R. and Wellens, P.
Diagnostics and Repairs in Fluid Construction Grammar.
In Steels, L. and Hild, M., editor,
Language Grounding in Robots,
pages 215-234,
Springer.
New York,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Katrien Beuls, Remi van Trijp
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { beuls:12a,
ADDRESS="New York",
AUTHOR="Beuls, K. and van Trijp, R. and Wellens, P.",
BOOKTITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
CHAPTER="11",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="215--234",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Diagnostics and Repairs in Fluid Construction Grammar",
YEAR="2012",
}
Steels, L., Spranger, M., van Trijp, R., Höfer, S. and Hild, M.
Emergent Action Language on Real Robots.
In Steels, L. and Hild, M., editor,
Language Grounding in Robots,
pages 255-276,
Springer.
New York,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger, Luc Steels, Remi van Trijp
Abstract
Almost all languages in the world have a way to formulate commands. Commands specify actions that the body should undertake (such as ``stand up''), possibly involving other objects in the scene (such as ``pick up the red block''). Action language involves various competences, in particular (i) the ability to perform an action and recognize which action has been performed by others (the so-called mirror problem), and (ii) the ability to identify which objects are to participate in the action (e.g. ``the red block'' in ``pick up the red block'') and understand what role objects play, for example whether it is the agent or undergoer of the action, or the patient or target (as in ``put the red block on top of the green one''). This chapter describes evolutionary language game experiments exploring how these competences originate, can be carried out and acquired, by real robots, using evolutionary language games and a whole systems approach.
Type: incollection
Keywords: embodiment, action language, grammar, lexicon formation
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:12a,
ADDRESS="New York",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Spranger, M. and van Trijp, R. and Höfer, S. and Hild, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
CHAPTER="13",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="255--276",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Emergent Action Language on Real Robots",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels, Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vantrijp:12d,
ADDRESS="Avignon",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R. and Steels, L. and Beuls, K. and Wellens, P.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
PUBLISHER="ACL",
TITLE="Fluid Construction Grammar: The New Kid on the Block",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:12c,
ADDRESS="New York",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="1--22",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Grounding Language through Evolutionary Language Games",
YEAR="2012",
}
Steels, L., De Beule, J. and Wellens, P.
Fluid Construction Grammar on Real Robots.
In Steels, L. and Hild, M., editor,
Language Grounding in Robots,
pages 195-213,
Springer.
New York,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:12d,
ADDRESS="New York",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and De Beule, J. and Wellens, P.",
BOOKTITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="195--213",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Fluid Construction Grammar on Real Robots",
YEAR="2012",
}
Spranger, M., Pauw, S., Loetzsch, M. and Steels, L.
Open-ended Procedural Semantics.
In Steels, L. and Hild, M., editor,
Language Grounding in Robots,
pages 153-172,
Springer.
New York,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Simon Pauw, Michael Spranger, Luc Steels
Abstract
This chapter introduces the computational infrastructure that is used to bridge the gap between results from sensorimotor processing and language. It consists of a system called Incremental Recruitment Language (IRL) that is able to configure a network of cognitive operations to achieve a particular communicative goal. IRL contains mechanisms for finding such networks, chunking subnetworks for more efficient later reuse, and completing partial networks (as possibly derived from incomplete or only partially understood sentences).
Type: incollection
Keywords: grounding, robots, irl
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@INCOLLECTION { spranger:12g,
ADDRESS="New York",
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Pauw, S. and Loetzsch, M. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="153--172",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Open-ended Procedural Semantics",
YEAR="2012",
}
Spranger, M., Loetzsch, M. and Steels, L.
A Perceptual System for Language Game Experiments.
In Steels, L. and Hild, M., editor,
Language Grounding in Robots,
pages 89-110,
Springer.
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Michael Spranger, Luc Steels
Abstract
This chapter describes key aspects of a visual perception system as a key component for language game experiments on physical robots. The vision system is responsible for segmenting the continuous flow of incoming visual stimuli into segments and computing a variety of features for each segment. This happens by a combination of bottom-up way processing that work on the incoming signal and top-down processing based on expectations about what was seen before or objects stored in memory. This chapter consists of two parts. The first one is concerned with extracting and maintaining world models about spatial scenes, without any prior knowledge of the possible objects involved. The second part deals with the recognition of gestures and actions which establish the joint attention and pragmatic feedback that is an important aspect of language games.
Type: incollection
Keywords: grounding, perception, language games
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@INCOLLECTION { spranger:12f,
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Loetzsch, M. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="89--110",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="A Perceptual System for Language Game Experiments",
YEAR="2012",
}
Beuls, K., Steels, L. and Höfer, S.
The Emergence of Internal Agreement Systems.
In Steels, L., editor,
Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution,
pages 233-256,
John Benjamins.
Amsterdam,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Katrien Beuls, Sebastian Hoefer, Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { beuls:12b,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Beuls, K. and Steels, L. and Höfer, S.",
BOOKTITLE="Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="233--256",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
TITLE="The Emergence of Internal Agreement Systems",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:12g,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="1--37",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
TITLE="Self-Organization and Selection in Cultural Language Evolution",
YEAR="2012",
}
Steels, L. and Loetzsch, M.
The Grounded Naming Game.
In Steels, L., editor,
Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution,
pages 41-59,
John Benjamins.
Amsterdam,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:12h,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Loetzsch, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="41--59",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
TITLE="The Grounded Naming Game",
YEAR="2012",
}
Spranger, M. and Steels, L.
Emergent Functional Grammar for Space.
In Steels, L., editor,
Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution,
Advances in Interaction Studies (
vol. 3),
pages 207-232,
John Benjamins.
Amsterdam,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger, Luc Steels
Abstract
This chapter explores a semantics-oriented approach to the origins of syntactic structure. It reports on preliminary experiments whereby speakers introduce hierarchical constructions and grammatical markers to express which conceptualization strategy hearers are supposed to invoke. This grammatical information helps hearers to avoid semantic ambiguity or errors in interpretation. A simulation study is performed for spatial grammar using robotic agents that play language games about objects in their shared world. The chapter uses a reconstruction of a fragment of German spatial language to identify the niche of spatial grammar, and then reports on acquisition and formation experiments in which agents seeded with a `pidgin German' without grammar are made to interact until rudiments of hierarchical structure and grammatical marking emerge.
Type: incollection
Keywords: spatial language, grammar, functional grammar, frames of reference
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@INCOLLECTION { spranger:12c,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="207-232",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Advances in Interaction Studies",
TITLE="Emergent Functional Grammar for Space",
VOLUME="3",
YEAR="2012",
}
Spranger, M. and Steels, L.
Synthetic Modeling of Cultural Language Evolution.
In McCrohon, L. and Fujimura, T. and Fujita, K. and Martin, R. and Okanoya, K. and Suzuki, R. and Yusa, N., editor,
Five Approaches to Language Evolution,
pages 130-139,
Tokyo,
2012
Evolang9 Organization Committee.
2012
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger, Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { spranger:12h,
ADDRESS="Tokyo",
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Five Approaches to Language Evolution",
EDITOR="McCrohon, L. and Fujimura, T. and Fujita, K. and Martin, R. and Okanoya, K. and Suzuki, R. and Yusa, N.",
PAGES="130--139",
PUBLISHER="Evolang9 Organization Committee",
TITLE="Synthetic Modeling of Cultural Language Evolution",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Simon Pauw, Michael Spranger
Abstract
Grounding language in sensorimotor spaces is an important and difficult task. In order, for robots to be able to interpret and produce utterances about the real world, they have to link symbolic information to continuous perceptual spaces. This requires dealing with inherent vagueness, noise and differences in perspective in the perception of the real world. This paper presents two case studies for spatial language and quantification that show how cognitive operations - the building blocks of grounded procedural semantics - can be efficiently grounded in sensorimotor spaces.
Type: incollection
Keywords: grounding, spatial language, quantifiers, perceptual deviation
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@INCOLLECTION { spranger:12e,
ADDRESS="New York",
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Pauw, S.",
BOOKTITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
CHAPTER="9",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="173--192",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Dealing with Perceptual Deviation - Vague Semantics for Spatial Language and Quantification",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Kateryna Gerasymova, Michael Spranger
Abstract
Russian requires speakers of the language to conceptualize events using temporal language devices such as Aktionsarten and aspect, which relate to particular profiles and characteristics of events such as whether the event just started, whether it is ongoing or it is a repeated event. This chapter explores how such temporal features of events can be processed and learned by robots through grounded situated interactions. We use a whole systems approach, tightly integrating perception, conceptualization grammatical processing and learning and demonstrate how a system of Aktionsarten can be acquired.
Type: incollection
Keywords: temporal language, Russian aspect, grounding
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@INCOLLECTION { gerasymova:12b,
ADDRESS="New York",
AUTHOR="Gerasymova, K. and Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
CHAPTER="12",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="237--254",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="An Experiment in Temporal Language Learning",
YEAR="2012",
}
Hoefer, S., Spranger, M. and Hild, M.
Posture Recognition Based on Slow Feature Analysis.
In Steels, L. and Hild, M., editor,
Language Grounding in Robots,
pages 111-130,
Springer.
New York,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Manfred Hild, Sebastian Hoefer, Michael Spranger
Abstract
Basic postures such as sit, stand and lie are ubiquitous in human interaction. In order to build robots that aid and support humans in their daily life, we need to understand how posture categories can be learned and recognized. This paper presents an unsupervised learning approach to posture recognition for a biped humanoid robot. The approach is based on Slow Feature Analysis (SFA), a biologically inspired algorithm for extracting slowly changing signals from signals varying on a fast time scale. Two experiments are carried out: First, we consider the problem of recognizing static postures in a multimodal sensory stream which consists of visual and proprioceptive stimuli. Secondly, we show how to extract a low-dimensional representation of the sensory state space which is suitable for posture recognition in a more complex setting. We point out that the beneficial performance of SFA in this task can be related to the fact that SFA computes manifolds which are used in robotics to model invariants in motion and behavior. Based on this insight, we also propose a method for using SFA components for guided exploration of the state space.
Type: incollection
Keywords: sfa, posture recognition, grounding
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@INCOLLECTION { hoefer:12a,
ADDRESS="New York",
AUTHOR="Hoefer, S. and Spranger, M. and Hild, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
CHAPTER="6",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="111-130",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Posture Recognition Based on Slow Feature Analysis",
YEAR="2012",
}
Hild, M., Siedel, T., Benckendorff, C., Thiele, C. and Spranger, M.
Myon, a New Humanoid.
In Steels, L. and Hild, M., editor,
Language Grounding in Robots,
pages 25-44,
Springer.
New York,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Manfred Hild, Michael Spranger
Abstract
This chapter introduces the modular humanoid robot Myon, covering its mechatronical design, embedded low-level software, distributed processing architecture, and the complementary experimental environment. The Myon humanoid is the descendant of various robotic hardware platforms which have been built over the years and therefore combines the latest research results on the one hand, and the expertise of how a robot has to be built for experiments on embodiment and language evolution on the other hand. In contrast to many other platforms, the Myon humanoid can be used as a whole or in parts. Both the underlying architecture and the supportive application software allow for ad hoc changes in the experimental setup.
Type: incollection
Keywords: humanoid, robots, embodiment, grounding
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@INCOLLECTION { hild:12a,
ADDRESS="New York",
AUTHOR="Hild, M. and Siedel, T. and Benckendorff, C. and Thiele, C. and Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="25--44",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Myon, a New Humanoid",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger
Abstract
This chapter studies how basic spatial categories such as left-right, front-back, far-near or north-south can emerge in a population of robotic agents in co-evolution with terms that express these categories. It introduces various language strategies and tests them first in reconstructions of German spatial terms, then in acquisition experiments to demonstrate the adequacy of the strategy for learning these terms, and finally in language formation experiments showing how a spatial vocabulary and the concepts expressed by it can emerge in a population of embodied agents from scratch.
Type: incollection
Keywords: spatial language, lexicon formation, frames of reference, proximal, projective, absolute
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@INCOLLECTION { spranger:12d,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="111-141",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Advances in Interaction Studies",
TITLE="The Co-Evolution of Basic Spatial Terms and Categories",
VOLUME="3",
YEAR="2012",
}
Steels, L. and Spranger, M.
Emergent Mirror Systems for Body Language.
In Steels, L., editor,
Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution,
Advances in Interaction Studies (
vol. 3),
pages 87-109,
John Benjamins.
Amsterdam,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger, Luc Steels
Abstract
This chapter investigates how a vocabulary for talking about body actions can emerge in a population of grounded autonomous agents instantiated as humanoid robots. The agents play a Posture Game in which the speaker asks the hearer to take on a certain posture. The speaker either signals success if the hearer indeed performs an action to achieve the posture or he shows the posture himself so that the hearer can acquire the name. The challenge of emergent body language raises not only fundamental issues in how a perceptually grounded lexicon can arise in a population of autonomous agents but also more general questions of human cognition, in particular how agents can develop a body model and a mirror system so that they can recognize actions of others as being the same as their own.
Type: incollection
Keywords: mirror systems, embodiment, body language, lexicon formation
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:12b,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="87--109",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Advances in Interaction Studies",
TITLE="Emergent Mirror Systems for Body Language",
VOLUME="3",
YEAR="2012",
}
Gerasymova, K., Spranger, M. and Beuls, K.
A Language Strategy for Aspect: Encoding Aktionsarten through Morphology.
In Steels, L., editor,
Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution,
Advances in Interaction Studies (
vol. 3),
pages 257-276,
John Benjamins.
Amsterdam,
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Katrien Beuls, Kateryna Gerasymova, Michael Spranger
Abstract
This chapter explores a possible language strategy for verbalizing aspect: the encoding of Aktionsarten by means of morphological markers. Russian tense-aspect system is used as a model. We first operationalize this system and reconstruct the learning operators needed for acquiring it. Then we perform a first language formation experiment in which a novel system of Aktionsarten emerges and gets coordinated between the agents, driven by a need for higher expressivity.
Type: incollection
Keywords: Russian aspect, Aktionsarten, temporal language
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@INCOLLECTION { gerasymova:12a,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Gerasymova, K. and Spranger, M. and Beuls, K.",
BOOKTITLE="Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="257--276",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Advances in Interaction Studies",
TITLE="A Language Strategy for Aspect: Encoding Aktionsarten through Morphology",
VOLUME="3",
YEAR="2012",
}
van Trijp, R.
Self-Assessing Agents for Explaining Language Change: A Case Study in German.
In De Raedt, L. and Bessiere, C. and Dubois, D. and Doherty, P. and Frasconi, P. and Heintz, F. and Lucas, P., editor,
ECAI2012: The 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications (
vol. 242),
pages 798-803,
Amsterdam,
2012
IOS Press.
2012
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vantrijp:12e,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="ECAI2012: The 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
EDITOR="De Raedt, L. and Bessiere, C. and Dubois, D. and Doherty, P. and Frasconi, P. and Heintz, F. and Lucas, P.",
PAGES="798--803",
PUBLISHER="IOS Press",
SERIES="Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications",
TITLE="Self-Assessing Agents for Explaining Language Change: A Case Study in German",
VOLUME="242",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels, Remi van Trijp
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { vantrijp:12f,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R. and Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Advances in Complex Systems",
NUMBER="3--4",
TITLE="Multilevel Alignment Maintains Language Systematicity",
VOLUME="15",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { vantrijp:12g,
ADDRESS="Heidelberg",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Computational Issues in Fluid Construction Grammar",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="A Reflective Architecture for Robust Language Processing and Learning",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: book
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { steels:12e,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Advances in Interaction Studies",
TITLE="Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution",
VOLUME="3",
YEAR="2012",
}
Sony CSL authors: Manfred Hild, Luc Steels
Type: book
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { steels:12f,
ADDRESS="New York",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Language Grounding in Robots",
YEAR="2012",
}
Pauw, S. and Spranger, M.
Embodied Quantifiers.
In Slavkovik, M. and Lassiter, D., editor,
New Directions in Logic, Language, and Computation,
Springer.
2012
2012
Sony CSL authors: Simon Pauw, Michael Spranger
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { pauw:12a,
AUTHOR="Pauw, S. and Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="New Directions in Logic, Language, and Computation",
EDITOR="Slavkovik, M. and Lassiter, D.",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Embodied Quantifiers",
YEAR="2012",
}
Spranger, M.
Recruitment, Selection and Alignment of Spatial Language Strategies.
In Lenaerts, T. and Giacobini, M. and Bersini, H. and Bourgine, P. and Dorigo, M. and Doursat, R., editor,
Advances in Artificial Life, ECAL 2011,
pages 771-778,
MIT Press.
2011
2011
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger
Abstract
All languages of the world have a way to talk about space and spatial relations of objects. Cross-culturally, immense variation in how people conceptualize space for language has been attested. Different spatial conceptualization strategies such as proximal, projective and absolute have been identified to underlie peoples conception of spatial reality. This paper argues that spatial conceptualization strategies are negotiated in a cultural process of linguistic selection. Conceptualization strategies originate in the cognitive capabilities of agents. The ecological conditions and the structure of the environment influence the conceptualization strategy agents invent and which corresponding system of lexicon and ontology of spatial relations is selected for. The validity of these claims is explored using populations of humanoid robots.
Type: incollection
Keywords: irl, evolution of language, embodiment, spatial language
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@INCOLLECTION { spranger:11a,
AUTHOR="Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Advances in Artificial Life, ECAL 2011",
CHAPTER="116",
EDITOR="Lenaerts, T. and Giacobini, M. and Bersini, H. and Bourgine, P. and Dorigo, M. and Doursat, R.",
PAGES="771--778",
PUBLISHER="MIT Press",
TITLE="Recruitment, Selection and Alignment of Spatial Language Strategies",
YEAR="2011",
}
Hanappe, P., Beurivé, A., Laguzet, F., Steels, L., Bellouin, N., Boucher, O., Yamazaki, Y.H., Aina, T. and Allen, M.
FAMOUS, faster: using parallel computing techniques to accelerate the FAMOUS/HadCM3 climate model with a focus on the radiative transfer algorithm.
Geoscientific Model Development,
4(3):835-844,
2011
2011
Sony CSL authors: Anthony Beurivé, Peter Hanappe, Florence Laguzet, Luc Steels
Abstract
We have optimised the atmospheric radiation algorithm of the FAMOUS climate model on several hardware platforms. The optimisation involved translating the Fortran code to C and restructuring the algorithm around the computation of a single air column. Instead of the existing MPI-based domain decomposition, we used a task queue and a thread pool to schedule the computation of individual columns on the available processors. Finally, four air columns are packed together in a single data structure and computed simultaneously using Single Instruction Multiple Data operations.
The modified algorithm runs more than 50 times faster on the CELL's Synergistic Processing Element than on its main PowerPC processing element. On Intel-compatible processors, the new radiation code runs 4 times faster. On the tested graphics processor, using OpenCL, we find a speed-up of more than 2.5 times as compared to the original code on the main CPU. Because the radiation code takes more than 60 % of the total CPU time, FAMOUS executes more than twice as fast. Our version of the algorithm returns bit-wise identical results, which demonstrates the robustness of our approach. We estimate that this project required around two and a half man-years of work.
Type: article
Keywords: volunteer-computing, scientific-modelling, climateprediction.net, sustainability
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@ARTICLE { hanappe:11a,
AUTHOR="Hanappe, P. and Beurivé, A. and Laguzet, F. and Steels, L. and Bellouin, N. and Boucher, O. and Yamazaki, Y.H. and Aina, T. and Allen, M.",
JOURNAL="Geoscientific Model Development",
NUMBER="3",
PAGES="835--844",
TITLE="FAMOUS, faster: using parallel computing techniques to accelerate the FAMOUS/HadCM3 climate model with a focus on the radiative transfer algorithm",
VOLUME="4",
YEAR="2011",
}
van Trijp, R.
Can Iterated Learning Explain the Emergence of Case Marking in Language?.
In De Causmaecker, P. and Maervoet, J. and Messelis, T. and Verbeeck, K. and Vermeulen, T., editor,
Proceedings of the 23rd Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence (BNAIC 2011),
pages 288-295,
Ghent,
2011
KAHO Sint-Lieven.
2011
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vantrijp:11a,
ADDRESS="Ghent",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 23rd Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence (BNAIC 2011)",
EDITOR="De Causmaecker, P. and Maervoet, J. and Messelis, T. and Verbeeck, K. and Vermeulen, T.",
PAGES="288--295",
PUBLISHER="KAHO Sint-Lieven",
TITLE="Can Iterated Learning Explain the Emergence of Case Marking in Language?",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: language evolution, cultural evolution, evolutionary linguistics, biolinguistics, semiotic dynamics
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@ARTICLE { steels:11e,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Physics of Life Reviews",
MONTH="December",
NUMBER="4",
PAGES="339--356",
TITLE="Modeling the Cultural Evolution of Language",
VOLUME="8",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { vantrijp:11b,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="115--146",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Constructional Approaches to Language",
TITLE="A Design Pattern for Argument Structure Constructions",
VOLUME="11",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { vantrijp:11c,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="205--236",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Constructional Approaches to Language",
TITLE="Feature Matrices and Agreement: A Case Study for German Case",
VOLUME="11",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels, Remi van Trijp
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:11d,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="301--330",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Constructional Approaches to Language",
TITLE="How to Make Construction Grammars Fluid and Robust",
VOLUME="11",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:11f,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="KI 2011: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE",
PAGES="14--25",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
SERIES="LNAI",
TITLE="Why We Need Evolutionary Semantics",
VOLUME="7006",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:11g,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar",
EDITOR="Steels, L. and Hild, M.",
PAGES="3--30",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
TITLE="Introducing Fluid Construction Grammar",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:11h,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="31--68",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
TITLE="A First Encounter with Fluid Construction Grammar",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:11i,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="71--145",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
TITLE="A Design Pattern for Phrasal Constructions",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Michael Spranger
Abstract
This chapter presents an operational grammar for German spatial language, in particular German locative phrases, as a case study for processing distributed information. It investigates the complex interplay of syntactic phenomena and spatial semantics, with a specific emphasis on efficient processing of syntactic indeterminacy and semantic ambiguity. Since FCG applies constructions in a sequence one after the other, the main challenge lies in mutual dependencies between constructions, that is, some constructions require pieces of information in order to make decisions that are only later on provided by other constructions. We present solutions and design patterns for dealing with these processing issues, which all have in common the strategy of postponing decisions as long as possible in processing until all the necessary information for making the decision is available.
Type: incollection
Keywords: spatial language, German locative phrase, grammar, fcg, frames of reference, semantic ambiguity, syntactic indeterminacy
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@INCOLLECTION { spranger:11c,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Loetzsch, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PAGES="265--298",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Constructional Approaches to Language",
TITLE="Syntactic indeterminacy and semantic ambiguity - A case study for German spatial phrases",
VOLUME="11",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger
Abstract
This thesis contributes to our understanding of the origins of spatial language by carrying out language game experiments with artificial agents instantiated as humanoid robots. It tests the theory of language evolution by linguistic selection, which states that language emerges through a cultural process based on the recruitment of various cognitive capacities in the service of language. Agents generate possible paradigmatic choices in their language systems and explore different language strategies. Which ones survive and dominate depends on linguistic selection criteria, such as expressive adequacy with respect to the ecological challenges and conditions in the environment, minimization of cognitive effort, and communicative success.
To anchor this case study in empirical phenomena, the thesis reconstructs the syntax and semantics of German spatial language, in particular German locative phrases. Syntactic processing is organized using Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG), a computational formalism for representing linguistic knowledge. For the semantics the thesis focusses in particular on proximal, projective and absolute spatial categories as well as perspective, perspective reversal and frame of reference. The semantic investigations use the perspective of Embodied Cognitive Semantics. The spatial semantics is grounded in the sensorimotor experiences of the robot and made compositional by using the Incremental Recruitment Language (IRL) developed for this purpose. The complete reconstructed system allows humanoid robots to communicate successfully and efficiently using the German locative system and provides a performance base line. The reconstruction shows that the computational formalisms, i.e. FCG and IRL, are sufficient for tackling complex natural language phenomena. Moreover, the reconstruction efforts reveal the tight interaction of syntax and semantics in German locative phrases.
The second part of the thesis concentrates on the evolution of spatial language. First the focus is on the formation and acquisition of spatial language by proposing strategies in the form of invention, adoption, and alignment operators. The thesis shows the adequacy of these strategies in acquisition experiments in which some agents act as learners and others as tutors. It shows next in language formation experiments that these strategies are sufficient to allow a population to self-organize a spatial language system from scratch. The thesis continues by studying the origins and competition of language strategies. Different conceptual strategies are considered and studied systematically, particularly in relation to the properties of the environment, for example, whether a global landmark is available. Different linguistic strategies are studied as well, for instance, the problem of choosing a particular reference object on the scene can be solved by the invention of markers, which allows many different reference objects, or by converging to a standard single reference object, such as a global landmark.
The thesis demonstrates that the theory of language evolution by linguistic selection leads to operational experiments in which artificial agents self-organize semantically rich and syntactically complex language. Moreover, many issues in cognitive science, ranging from perception and conceptualization to language processing, had to be dealt with to instantiate this theory, so that this thesis contributes not only to the study of language evolution but to the investigation of the cognitive bases of spatial language as well.
Type: phdthesis
BibTeX entry
@PHDTHESIS { spranger:11b,
ADDRESS="Brussels, Belgium",
AUTHOR="Spranger, M.",
SCHOOL="Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)",
TITLE="The Evolution of Grounded Spatial Language",
YEAR="2011",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: book
Keywords: grammar, FCG, design pattern, language, processing
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { steels:11c,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
EDITOR="Steels, L.",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
SERIES="Constructional Approaches to Language",
TITLE="Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar",
VOLUME="11",
YEAR="2011",
}
Gerasymova, K.
Emergence of Aktionsarten: The first step towards aspect.
In Smith, A.D.M. and Schouwstra, M. and de Boer, B. and Smith, K., editor,
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Evolution of Language (Evolang8),
pages 145-152,
Singapore,
2010
World Scientific.
2010
Sony CSL authors: Kateryna Gerasymova
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { gerasymova:10a,
ADDRESS="Singapore",
AUTHOR="Gerasymova, K.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Evolution of Language (Evolang8)",
EDITOR="Smith, A.D.M. and Schouwstra, M. and de Boer, B. and Smith, K.",
PAGES="145-152",
PUBLISHER="World Scientific",
TITLE="Emergence of Aktionsarten: The first step towards aspect",
YEAR="2010",
}
van Trijp, R.
Strategy Competition in the Evolution of Pronouns: A Case-Study of Spanish Leísmo, Laísmo and Loísmo.
In Smith, A.D.M. and Schouwstra, M. and de Boer, B. and Smith, K., editor,
The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 8),
pages 336-343,
Singapore,
2010
World Scientific.
2010
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: evolutionary linguistics, language games, strategies
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vantrijp:10a,
ADDRESS="Singapore",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 8)",
EDITOR="Smith, A.D.M. and Schouwstra, M. and de Boer, B. and Smith, K.",
PAGES="336--343",
PUBLISHER="World Scientific",
TITLE="Strategy Competition in the Evolution of Pronouns: A Case-Study of Spanish Leísmo, Laísmo and Loísmo",
YEAR="2010",
}
Spranger, M., Pauw, S. and Loetzsch, M.
Open-ended semantics co-evolving with spatial language.
In Smith, A.D.M. and Schouwstra, M. and de Boer, B. and Smith, K., editor,
The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 8),
pages 297-304,
Singapore,
2010
World Scientific.
2010
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Simon Pauw, Michael Spranger
Abstract
How can we explain the enormous amount of creativity and flexibility in spatial language use? In this paper we detail computational experiments that try to capture the essence of this puzzle. We hypothesize that flexible semantics which allow agents to conceptualize reality in many different ways are key to this issue. We will introduce our particular semantic modeling approach as well as the coupling of conceptual structures to the language system. We will justify the approach and show how these systems play together in the evolution of spatial language using humanoid robots.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: irl, fcg, embodiment, spatial language, evolutionary linguistics, language games
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@INPROCEEDINGS { spranger:10a,
ADDRESS="Singapore",
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Pauw, S. and Loetzsch, M.",
BOOKTITLE="The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 8)",
EDITOR="Smith, A.D.M. and Schouwstra, M. and de Boer, B. and Smith, K.",
PAGES="297--304",
PUBLISHER="World Scientific",
TITLE="Open-ended semantics co-evolving with spatial language",
YEAR="2010",
}
Spranger, M., Loetzsch, M. and Pauw, S.
Open-ended Grounded Semantics.
In Coelho, H. and Studer, R. and Woolridge, M., editor,
Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2010),
pages 929-934,
2010
IOS Press.
2010
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Simon Pauw, Michael Spranger
Abstract
Artificial agents trying to achieve communicative goals in situated interactions in the real-world need powerful computational systems for conceptualizing their environment. In order to provide embodied artificial systems with rich semantics reminiscent of human language complexity, agents need ways of both conceptualizing complex compositional semantic structure and actively reconstructing semantic structure, due to uncertainty and ambiguity in transmission. Furthermore, the systems must be open-ended and adaptive and allow agents to adjust their semantic inventories in order to reach their goals. This paper presents recent progress in modeling open-ended, grounded semantics through a unified software system that addresses these problems.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: grounding, semantics, irl
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@INPROCEEDINGS { spranger:10b,
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Loetzsch, M. and Pauw, S.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2010)",
EDITOR="Coelho, H. and Studer, R. and Woolridge, M.",
PAGES="929--934",
PUBLISHER="IOS Press",
TITLE="Open-ended Grounded Semantics",
YEAR="2010",
}
Sony CSL authors: Kateryna Gerasymova, Michael Spranger
Abstract
Over the past several decades, psycholinguists have gained countless insights into the process of child language acquisition. Can these findings be used for the development of language competence in autonomous artificial systems? This paper reports on our attempt to apply insights from developmental psychology in order to enable artificial systems to acquire language. We consider a comprehensive chain of computational processes, starting from conceptualization and extending through language generation and interpretation, and show how they can be intertwined to allow for acquisition of complex aspects of grammar.
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { gerasymova:10b,
AUTHOR="Gerasymova, K. and Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI-2010)",
EDITOR="Coelho, M. and Studer, R. and Woolridge, M.",
PAGES="923--928",
PUBLISHER="IOS Press",
TITLE="Acquisition of Grammar in Autonomous Artificial Systems",
YEAR="2010",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { vantrijp:10b,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
JOURNAL="Linguistic Discovery",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="310--326",
TITLE="Grammaticalization and Semantic Maps: Evidence from Artificial Language Evolution",
VOLUME="8",
YEAR="2010",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { vantrijp:10c,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
JOURNAL="Linguistic Discovery",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="61--63",
TITLE="Cognitive Mechanisms need to be operationalized. Commentary on Cristofaro.",
VOLUME="8",
YEAR="2010",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { vantrijp:10d,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
JOURNAL="Linguistic Discovery",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="329--330",
TITLE="Analogy Adapts to the Structure of the World. Author's Response",
VOLUME="8",
YEAR="2010",
}
Sony CSL authors: Katrien Beuls, Kateryna Gerasymova, Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { beuls:10a,
AUTHOR="Beuls, K. and Gerasymova, K. and van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 19th Annual Machine Learning Conference of Belgium and The Netherlands (BeNeLearn)",
TITLE="Situated Learning through the Use of Language Games",
YEAR="2010",
}
M. Loetzsch and M. Spranger
Why robots?.
In Smith, A.D.M. and Schouwstra, M. and de Boer, B. and Smith, K., editor,
The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 8),
pages 222-229,
Singapore,
2010
World Scientific.
2010
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Michael Spranger
Abstract
In this paper we offer arguments for why modeling in the field of artificial language evolution can benefit from the use of real robots. We will propose that robotic experimental setups lead to more realistic and robust models, that real-word perception can provide the basis for richer semantics and that embodiment itself can be a driving force in language evolution. We will discuss these proposals by reviewing a variety of robotic experiments that have been carried out in our group and try to argue for the relevance of the approach.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: embodiment, evolutionary linguistics, language games
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@INPROCEEDINGS { loetzsch:10a,
ADDRESS="Singapore",
AUTHOR="M. Loetzsch and M. Spranger",
BOOKTITLE="The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 8)",
EDITOR="Smith, A.D.M. and Schouwstra, M. and de Boer, B. and Smith, K.",
PAGES="222--229",
PUBLISHER="World Scientific",
TITLE="Why robots?",
YEAR="2010",
}
Solé, R.V., Corominas-Murtra, B., Valverde, S. and Steels, L.
Language Networks: Their Structure, Function, and Evolution.
Complexity,
15(6):20-26,
2010
2010
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { sole:10a,
AUTHOR="Solé, R.V. and Corominas-Murtra, B. and Valverde, S. and Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Complexity",
NUMBER="6",
PAGES="20--26",
TITLE="Language Networks: Their Structure, Function, and Evolution",
VOLUME="15",
YEAR="2010",
}
Pauw, S. and Spranger, M.
Embodied determiners.
In Slavkovik, M., editor,
Proceedings of the 15th Student Session of the European Summer School for Logic, Language and Information (ESSLI 2010),
pages 184-192,
2010
2010
Sony CSL authors: Simon Pauw, Michael Spranger
Abstract
In this paper we test the dominant paradigm for modeling the semantics of determined noun phrases called Generalized Quantifier Theory in embodied interactions with robots. We contrast the traditional approach with a new approach, called Clustering Determination, which is heavily inspired by research on grounding of sensorimotor categories, and we show that our approach performs better in noisy, real world, referential communication.
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { pauw:10a,
AUTHOR="Pauw, S. and Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 15th Student Session of the European Summer School for Logic, Language and Information (ESSLI 2010)",
EDITOR="Slavkovik, M.",
PAGES="184--192",
TITLE="Embodied determiners",
YEAR="2010",
}
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger
Abstract
This paper presents a software system that integrates different computational paradigms to solve cognitive tasks of different levels. The system has been employed to empower research on very different platforms ranging from simple two-wheeled structures with only a few cheap sensors, to complex two-legged humanoid robots, with many actuators, degrees of freedom and sensors. It is flexible and adjustable enough to be used in part or as a whole, to target different research domains projects and questions, including Evolutionary Robotics, RoboCup and Artificial Language Evolution on Autonomous Robots (ALEAR, an EU funded cognitive systems project). In contrast to many other frameworks, the system is such that researchers can quickly adjust the system to different problems and platforms, while allowing maximum reuse of components and abstractions, separation of concerns and extensibility.
Type: article
Keywords: robotics, embodiment, software environment, cognitive systems, cheap design
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { spranger:09c,
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Thiele, C. and Hild, M.",
JOURNAL="Advanced Engineering Informatics",
MONTH="January",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="76--83",
TITLE="Integrating high level cognitive systems with sensorimotor control",
VOLUME="24",
YEAR="2010",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels:10a,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents",
EDITOR="Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M.",
PAGES="223--233",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Modeling the Formation of Language in Embodied Agents: Methods and Open Challenges",
YEAR="2010",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels:10b,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents",
EDITOR="Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M.",
PAGES="235--262",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Modeling the Formation of Language: Embodied Experiments",
YEAR="2010",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels:10c,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Loreto, V.",
BOOKTITLE="Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents",
EDITOR="Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M.",
PAGES="283--288",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Modeling the Formation of Language: Conclusions and Future Research",
YEAR="2010",
}
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels:10d,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Loetzsch, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents",
EDITOR="Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M.",
PAGES="307--313",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="Babel: A Tool for Running Experiments on the Evolution of Language",
YEAR="2010",
}
Gerasymova, K., Steels, L. and van Trijp, R.
Aspectual Morphology of Russian Verbs in Fluid Construction Grammar.
In Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H., editor,
Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society,
pages 1370-1375,
2009
Cognitive Science Society
2009
Sony CSL authors: Kateryna Gerasymova, Luc Steels, Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { gerasymova:09a,
AUTHOR="Gerasymova, K. and Steels, L. and van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society",
EDITOR="Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H.",
ORGANIZATION="Cognitive Science Society",
PAGES="1370-1375",
TITLE="Aspectual Morphology of Russian Verbs in Fluid Construction Grammar",
YEAR="2009",
}
Micelli, V., van Trijp, R. and De Beule, J.
Framing Fluid Construction Grammar.
In Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H., editor,
Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society,
pages 3023-3027,
2009
Cognitive Science Society.
2009
Sony CSL authors: Vanessa Micelli, Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { micelli:09a,
AUTHOR="Micelli, V. and van Trijp, R. and De Beule, J.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society",
EDITOR="Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H.",
PAGES="3023--3027",
PUBLISHER="Cognitive Science Society",
TITLE="Framing Fluid Construction Grammar",
YEAR="2009",
}
Maisonneuve, N., Stevens, M. and Steels, L.
Measure and map noise pollution with your mobile phone.
DIY:: HCI - A Showcase of Methods, Communities and Values for Reuse and Customization,
pages 78-82,
April
2009
Proceedings of the DIY for CHI workshop held on April 5, 2009 at CHI 2009 in Boston, MA, USA
2009
Sony CSL authors: Nicolas Maisonneuve, Luc Steels, Matthias Stevens
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: sustainability
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@INPROCEEDINGS { maisonneuve:09a,
AUTHOR="Maisonneuve, N. and Stevens, M. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="DIY:: HCI - A Showcase of Methods, Communities and Values for Reuse and Customization",
MONTH="April",
NOTE="Proceedings of the DIY for CHI workshop held on April 5, 2009 at CHI 2009 in Boston, MA, USA",
PAGES="78-82",
TITLE="Measure and map noise pollution with your mobile phone",
YEAR="2009",
}
Maisonneuve, N., Stevens, M., Niessen, M. E. and Steels, L.
NoiseTube: Measuring and mapping noise pollution with mobile phones.
ITEE 2009 - Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering,
pages 215-228,
May
2009
Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Proceedings of the 4th International ICSC Symposium in Thessaloniki, Greece, May 28-29, 2009
2009
Sony CSL authors: Nicolas Maisonneuve, Luc Steels, Matthias Stevens
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: sustainability
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@INPROCEEDINGS { maisonneuve:09b,
AUTHOR="Maisonneuve, N. and Stevens, M. and Niessen, M. E. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="ITEE 2009 - Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering",
MONTH="May",
NOTE="Proceedings of the 4th International ICSC Symposium in Thessaloniki, Greece, May 28-29, 2009",
PAGES="215-228",
PUBLISHER="Springer Berlin Heidelberg",
TITLE="NoiseTube: Measuring and mapping noise pollution with mobile phones",
YEAR="2009",
}
Maisonneuve, N., Stevens, M., Niessen, M. E., Hanappe, P. and Steels, L.
Citizen Noise Pollution Monitoring.
dg.o '09: Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (Puebla,Mexico; May 17-20,2009),
May
2009
Digital Government Society of North America / ACM Press.
2009
Sony CSL authors: Peter Hanappe, Nicolas Maisonneuve, Luc Steels, Matthias Stevens
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: sustainability
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@INPROCEEDINGS { maisonneuve:09c,
AUTHOR="Maisonneuve, N. and Stevens, M. and Niessen, M. E. and Hanappe, P. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="dg.o '09: Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (Puebla,Mexico; May 17-20,2009)",
MONTH="May",
PUBLISHER="Digital Government Society of North America / ACM Press",
TITLE="Citizen Noise Pollution Monitoring",
YEAR="2009",
}
Spranger, M. and Loetzsch, M.
The Semantics of SIT, STAND, and LIE Embodied in Robots.
In Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H., editor,
Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Cogsci09),
pages 2546-2552,
Austin, TX,
2009
Cognitive Science Society
2009
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Michael Spranger
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate (1) how a group of embodied artificial agents can learn to construct abstract conceptual representations of body postures from their continuous sensorimotor interaction with the environment, (2) how they can metaphorically extend these bodily concepts to visual experiences of external objects and (3) how they can use their acquired embodied meanings for self-organizing a communication system about postures and objects. For this, we endow the agents with cognitive mechanisms and structures that are instantiations of specific ideas in cognitive linguistics (namely image schema theory) about how humans relate motor and visual space. We show that the agents are indeed able to perform well in the task and thus the experiment offers a concrete operationalization of these theories and increases their explanatory power.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: cognitive semantics, image schemas, metaphor, autonomous robots, lexicon acquistion, language games
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@INPROCEEDINGS { spranger:09a,
ADDRESS="Austin, TX",
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Loetzsch, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Cogsci09)",
EDITOR="Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H.",
ORGANIZATION="Cognitive Science Society",
PAGES="2546-2552",
TITLE="The Semantics of SIT, STAND, and LIE Embodied in Robots",
YEAR="2009",
}
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger
Abstract
This paper presents a biologically inspired approach to posture recognition and posture change detection for a biped robot. Slow Feature Analysis, an algorithm developed by theoretical biologists for extracting slowly changing signals from signals varying on a fast time scale, is applied to the problem of recognizing the posture of biped humanoid robots over time and successively on the recognition of the change of posture. Both the recognition of basic static postures, like lying and standing, of peer robots via visual sensory information and the recognition of the same postures via internal proprioceptive sensors are considered. Given promising results in this domain we extend the application of the method onto the dynamic domain of detecting the change of posture, specifically we show the utility of the algorithm for detecting when a robot falls.
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { spranger:09b,
AUTHOR="Spranger, M. and Hoefer, S. and Hild, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of ROBIO’09: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics.",
ORGANIZATION="IEEE",
PAGES="562--567",
TITLE="Biologically Inspired Posture Recognition and Posture Change Detection for Humanoid Robots",
YEAR="2009",
}
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger, Luc Steels
Abstract
Open-ended language communication remains an enormous challenge for autonomous robots. This paper argues that the notion of a language strategy is the appropriate vehicle for addressing this challenge. A language strategy packages all the procedures that are necessary for playing a language game. We present a specific example of a language strategy for playing an Action Game in which one robot asks another robot to take on a body posture (such as stand or sit), and show how it effectively allows a population of agents to self-organise a perceptually grounded ontology and a lexicon from scratch, without any human intervention. Next, we show how a new language strategy can arise by exaptation from an existing one, concretely, how the body posture strategy can be exapted to a strategy for playing language games about the spatial position of objects (as in “the bottle stands on the table”).
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: language games, embodiment, spatial language
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:09f,
ADDRESS="San Francisco",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="IJCAI'09: Proceedings of the 21st international joint conference on Artifical intelligence",
PAGES="14--19",
PUBLISHER="Morgan Kaufmann",
TITLE="How Experience of the Body Shapes Language about Space",
YEAR="2009",
}
Bleys, J., Loetzsch, M., Spranger, M. and Steels, L.
The Grounded Color Naming Game.
Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (Ro-man 2009),
2009
2009
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Michael Spranger, Luc Steels
Abstract
Colour naming games are idealised communicative interactions within a population of artificial agents in which a speaker uses a single colour term to draw the attention of a hearer to a particular object in a shared context. Through a series of such games, a colour lexicon can be developed that is sufficiently shared to allow for successful communication, even when the agents start out without any predefined categories. In previous models of colour naming games, the shared context was typically artificially generated from a set of colour stimuli and both agents in the interaction perceive this environment in an identical way. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the colour naming game in a robotic setup in which humanoid robots perceive a set of colourful objects from their own perspective. We compare the resulting colour ontologies to those found in human languages and show how these ontologies reflect the environment in which they were developed.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: language games, embodiment, lexicon formation
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@INPROCEEDINGS { bleys:09a,
AUTHOR="Bleys, J. and Loetzsch, M. and Spranger, M. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (Ro-man 2009)",
TITLE="The Grounded Color Naming Game",
YEAR="2009",
}
Goldstone, R., Griffiths, T., Helbing, D., Gureckis, T. and Steels, L.
The Emergence of Collective Structures Through Individual Interactions.
In Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H., editor,
Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society,
2009
Cognitive Science Society.
2009
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { goldstone:09a,
AUTHOR="Goldstone, R. and Griffiths, T. and Helbing, D. and Gureckis, T. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society",
EDITOR="Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H.",
PUBLISHER="Cognitive Science Society",
TITLE="The Emergence of Collective Structures Through Individual Interactions",
YEAR="2009",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels:09e,
ADDRESS="Cambridge MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Biological Foundations and Origin of Syntax",
EDITOR="Bickerton, D. and Szathmáry, E.",
PAGES="345--368",
PUBLISHER="MIT Press",
SERIES="Strungmann Forum Reports",
TITLE="Cognition and Social Dynamics Play a Major Role in the Formation of Grammar",
VOLUME="3",
YEAR="2009",
}
Steels, L.
Can Agent-Based Language Evolution Contribute to Archeology?.
In d'Errico, F. and Hombert, J.M., editor,
Becoming Eloquent: Advances in the Emergence of Language, Human Cognition, and Modern Cultures,
pages 267-286,
John Benjamins.
Amsterdam,
2009
2009
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels:09g,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Becoming Eloquent: Advances in the Emergence of Language, Human Cognition, and Modern Cultures",
EDITOR="d'Errico, F. and Hombert, J.M.",
PAGES="267--286",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins",
TITLE="Can Agent-Based Language Evolution Contribute to Archeology?",
YEAR="2009",
}
Sony CSL authors: Kateryna Gerasymova
Type: mastersthesis
BibTeX entry
@MASTERSTHESIS { gerasymova:09b,
AUTHOR="Gerasymova, K.",
SCHOOL="Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Germany",
TITLE="Acquisition of Aspectual Grammar in Artificial Systems through Language Games",
TYPE="German Diploma (Master's) Thesis",
YEAR="2009",
}
Wang, E. and Steels, L.
Self-Interested Agents can Bootstrap Symbolic Communication if They Punish Cheaters.
In Smith, A. D. M. and Smith, K. and Ferrer-i-Cancho, R., editor,
The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Evolution of Language,
pages 362-369,
Singapore,
2008
World Scientific.
2008
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: evolution, language, cheating, multi-agent, agents
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@INPROCEEDINGS { wang:08a,
ADDRESS="Singapore",
AUTHOR="Wang, E. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Evolution of Language",
EDITOR="Smith, A. D. M. and Smith, K. and Ferrer-i-Cancho, R.",
PAGES="362--369",
PUBLISHER="World Scientific",
TITLE="Self-Interested Agents can Bootstrap Symbolic Communication if They Punish Cheaters",
YEAR="2008",
}
Steels, L. and Loetzsch, M.
Perspective Alignment in Spatial Language.
In Coventry, K.R., Tenbrink, T. and Bateman, J.A., editor,
Spatial Language and Dialogue,
Oxford University Press.
Oxford,
2008
2008
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Luc Steels
Type: incollection
Keywords: spatial language, perspective reversal
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:07c,
ADDRESS="Oxford",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Loetzsch, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Spatial Language and Dialogue",
EDITOR="Coventry, K.R., Tenbrink, T. and Bateman, J.A.",
PUBLISHER="Oxford University Press",
TITLE="Perspective Alignment in Spatial Language",
YEAR="2008",
}
Loetzsch, M., van Trijp, R. and Steels, L.
Typological and Computational Investigations of Spatial Perspective.
In Wachsmuth, I. and Knoblich, G., editor,
Modeling Communication with Robots and Virtual Humans,
LNCS (
vol. 4930),
pages 125-142,
Berlin,
2008
Springer.
2008
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Luc Steels, Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: language games, spatial language, egocentric perspective reversal, language typology
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@INPROCEEDINGS { loetzsch:08a,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Loetzsch, M. and van Trijp, R. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Modeling Communication with Robots and Virtual Humans",
EDITOR="Wachsmuth, I. and Knoblich, G.",
PAGES="125--142",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
SERIES="LNCS",
TITLE="Typological and Computational Investigations of Spatial Perspective",
VOLUME="4930",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Wouter Van den Broeck
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vandenbroeck:08a,
AUTHOR="Van den Broeck, Wouter",
BOOKTITLE="The Evolution of Language: Evolang 7",
EDITOR="Andrew D. M. Smith and Kenny Smith and Ramon Ferrer i Chancho",
PUBLISHER="World Scientific",
TITLE="Constraint-based Compositional Semantics",
YEAR="2008",
}
van Trijp, R.
The Emergence of Semantic Roles in Fluid Construction Grammar.
In Smith, Andrew, Smith, Kenny and Ferrer i Cancho, Ramon, editor,
The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference (EVOLANG 7),
pages 346-353,
Singapore,
2008
World Scientific Publishing.
2008
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: language, emergence, origins of language, semantic roles, grammar
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vantrijp:08a,
ADDRESS="Singapore",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference (EVOLANG 7)",
EDITOR="Smith, Andrew, Smith, Kenny and Ferrer i Cancho, Ramon",
PAGES="346--353",
PUBLISHER="World Scientific Publishing",
TITLE="The Emergence of Semantic Roles in Fluid Construction Grammar",
YEAR="2008",
}
Molnár, Csaba, Kaplan, Frédéric, Roy, Pierre, Pachet, Francois, Pongrácz, Péter, Dóka, Antal and Miklósi, Ádám
Classification of dog barks: a machine learning approach.
Animal Cognition,
11(3):389-400,
2008
2008
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, François Pachet, Pierre Roy
Abstract
In this study we analyzed the possible contextspeciWc
and individual-speciWc features of dog barks using
a new machine-learning algorithm. A pool containing more
than 6,000 barks, which were recorded in six diVerent communicative
situations was used as the sound sample. The
algorithm’s task was to learn which acoustic features of the
barks, which were recorded in diVerent contexts and from
diVerent individuals, could be distinguished from another.
The program conducted this task by analyzing barks emitted
in previously identiWed contexts by identiWed dogs.
After the best feature set had been obtained (with which the
highest identiWcation rate was achieved), the eYciency of
the algorithm was tested in a classiWcation task in which
unknown barks were analyzed. The recognition rates we
found were highly above chance level: the algorithm could
categorize the barks according to their recorded situation
with an eYciency of 43% and with an eYciency of 52% of
the barking individuals. These Wndings suggest that dog
barks have context-speciWc and individual-speciWc acoustic
features. In our opinion, this machine learning method may
provide an eYcient tool for analyzing acoustic data in various
behavioral studies.
Type: article
Keywords: feature generation, ethology
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@ARTICLE { molnar:08a,
AUTHOR="Molnár, Csaba and Kaplan, Frédéric and Roy, Pierre and Pachet, Francois and Pongrácz, Péter and Dóka, Antal and Miklósi, Ádám",
JOURNAL="Animal Cognition",
NUMBER="3",
PAGES="389-400",
TITLE="Classification of dog barks: a machine learning approach",
VOLUME="11",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: incollection
Keywords: Fluid Construction Grammar, language, grammar
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@INCOLLECTION { vantrijp:08b,
ADDRESS="Tübingen",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
BOOKTITLE="Konstruktionsgrammatik II: Von der Konstruktion zur Grammatik",
EDITOR="Fischer, K. and Stefanowitsch, A.",
PUBLISHER="Stauffenburg Verlag",
SERIES="Stauffenburg Linguistik",
TITLE="Argumentsstruktur in der Fluid Construction Grammar",
VOLUME="47",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: phdthesis
Keywords: grammar evolution, formation, language, case analogy, multi-level selection
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@PHDTHESIS { vantrijp:08c,
ADDRESS="Antwerp",
AUTHOR="van Trijp, R.",
SCHOOL="University of Antwerp",
TITLE="Analogy and Multi-level Selection in the Formation of a Case Grammar. A Case Study in Fluid Construction Grammar",
YEAR="2008",
}
Steels, L. and Spranger, M.
Can Body Language Shape Body Image?.
In Bullock, S. and Noble, J. and Watson, R. and Bedau, M. A., editor,
Artificial Life XI: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems,
pages 577-584,
Cambridge, MA,
2008
MIT Press.
2008
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger, Luc Steels
Abstract
One of the central themes in autonomous robot research concerns the question how visual images of body movements by others can be interpreted and related to one’s own body movements and to language describing these body movements. The discovery of mirror neurons has shown that there are brain circuits which become active both in the perception and the re-enactment of bodily gestures, although it is so far unclear how these circuits can form, i.e. how neurons become mirror neurons. We report here further progress with our robot experiments in which a group of autonomous robots play language games in order to coordinate their visual, motor and cognitive body image. We have shown that the right kind of semiotic dynamics can lead to the self-organisation of a successful communication system with which robots can ask each other to perform certain actions. The main contribution of this paper is to show that if the robot has the capacity to ‘imagine’ the behavior of his own body through self-simulation, he is better able to guess what action corresponds to a visual image produced by another robot and thus guess the meaning of an unknown word. This leads to a significant speed-up in the way individual agents are able to coordinate visual categories, motor behaviors and language.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: body image, language, embodiment, lexicon formation, language games, body language, action language
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:08a,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="Artificial Life XI: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems",
EDITOR="Bullock, S. and Noble, J. and Watson, R. and Bedau, M. A.",
PAGES="577--584",
PUBLISHER="MIT Press",
TITLE="Can Body Language Shape Body Image?",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { baronchelli:08a,
AUTHOR="Baronchelli, A. and Loreto, V. and Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="International Journal of Modern Physics C",
NUMBER="5",
PAGES="785--812",
TITLE="In-Depth Analysis of the Naming Game Dynamics: The Homogeneous Mixing Case",
VOLUME="19",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { wellens:08a,
AUTHOR="Wellens, P. and Loetzsch, M. and Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Connection Science",
NUMBER="2-3",
PAGES="173--191",
TITLE="Flexible Word Meanings in Embodied Agents",
VOLUME="20",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger, Luc Steels
Abstract
Humans maintain a body image of themselves, which plays a central role in controlling bodily movement, planning action, recognising and naming actions performed by others, and requesting or executing commands. This paper explores through experiments with autonomous humanoid robots how such a body image could form. Robots play a situated embodied language game called the Action Game in which they ask each other to perform bodily actions. They start without any prior inventory of names, without categories for visually recognising body movements of others, and without knowing the relation between visual images of motor behaviors carried out by others and their own motor behaviors. Through diagnostic and repair strategies carried out within the context of action games, they progressively self-organise an effective lexicon as well as bi-directional mappings between the visual and the motor domain. The agents thus establish and continuously adapt networks linking perception, body representation, action, and language.
Type: article
Keywords: language games, embodiment, lexicon formation, action language, mirror systems, body language
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@ARTICLE { steels:08c,
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Spranger, M.",
JOURNAL="Connection Science",
NUMBER="4",
PAGES="337-358",
TITLE="The Robot in the Mirror",
VOLUME="20",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
Keywords: symbol grounding, language evolution
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:08d,
ADDRESS="Oxford",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Symbols and Embodiment: Debates on Meaning and Cognition",
CHAPTER="12",
EDITOR="de Vega, M.",
PUBLISHER="Oxford University Press",
TITLE="The Symbol Grounding Problem Has Been Solved. So What's Next?",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { galantucci:08a,
ADDRESS="Oxford",
AUTHOR="Galantucci, B. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Embodied Communication in Humans and Machines",
EDITOR="Wachsmuth, I. and Lenzen, M. and Knoblich, G.",
PUBLISHER="Oxford University Press",
TITLE="The Emergence of Embodied Communication in Artificial Agents and Humans",
YEAR="2008",
}
Loetzsch, M., Wellens, P., De Beule, J., Bleys, J. and van Trijp, R.
The Babel2 Manual.
AI-Lab VUB,
Brussels,
2008
2008
Sony CSL authors: Martin Loetzsch, Remi van Trijp
Type: techreport
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@TECHREPORT { loetzsch:08b,
ADDRESS="Brussels",
AUTHOR="Loetzsch, M. and Wellens, P. and De Beule, J. and Bleys, J. and van Trijp, R.",
INSTITUTION="AI-Lab VUB",
NUMBER="AI-Memo 01-08",
TITLE="The Babel2 Manual",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: vision
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@INPROCEEDINGS { mellmann:08a,
AUTHOR="Mellmann, H. and Juengel, M. and Spranger, M.",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2008. IROS 2008.",
ORGANIZATION="IEEE",
TITLE="Using Reference Objects to Improve Vision-Based Bearing Measurements",
YEAR="2008",
}
Steels, L. and Tisselli, E.
Social Tagging in Community Memories.
In Proceedings of AAAI Symposium on Social Information Processing,
pages 98-103,
Menlo Park, California, USA,
2008
AAAI Press.
2008
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels, Eugenio Tisselli
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: sustainability
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:08e,
ADDRESS="Menlo Park, California, USA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Tisselli, E.",
BOOKTITLE="In Proceedings of AAAI Symposium on Social Information Processing",
PAGES="98--103",
PUBLISHER="AAAI Press",
TITLE="Social Tagging in Community Memories",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: social, language, cognition
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { steels:08b,
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Vilarroya, O.",
JOURNAL="Biological Theory",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="93--98",
TITLE="Biological Roots of the Social Brain",
VOLUME="3",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Michael Spranger
Type: mastersthesis
Keywords: language games, embodiment, vision
BibTeX entry
@MASTERSTHESIS { spranger:08a,
AUTHOR="Spranger, M.",
MONTH="March",
SCHOOL="Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin",
TITLE="World Models for Grounded Language Games",
TYPE="German Diplom (Master) Thesis",
YEAR="2008",
}
Sony CSL authors: Verena Hafner, Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Exploratory activities seem to be intrinsically rewarding for children and crucial for their cognitive development. Can a machine be endowed with such an intrinsic motivation system? This is the question we study in this paper, presenting a number of computational systems that try to capture this drive towards novel or curious situations. After discussing related research coming from developmental psychology, neuroscience, developmental robotics, and active learning, this paper presents the mechanism of Intelligent Adaptive Curiosity, an intrinsic motivation system which pushes a robot towards situations in which it maximizes its learning progress. This drive makes the robot focus on situations which are neither too predictable nor too unpredictable, thus permitting autonomous mental development. The complexity of the robot's activities autonomously increases and complex developmental sequences self-organize without being constructed in a supervised manner. Two experiments are presented illustrating the stage-like organization emerging with this mechanism. In one of them, a physical robot is placed on a baby play mat with objects that it can learn to manipulate. Experimental results show that the robot first spends time in situations which are easy to learn, then shifts its attention progressively to situations of increasing difficulty, avoiding situations in which nothing can be learned. Finally, these various results are discussed in relation to more complex forms of behavioral organization and data coming from developmental psychology
Keywords: active learning, autonomy, behavior, complexity, curiosity, sensorimotor development, cognitive development, developmental trajectory, epigenetic robotics, intrinsic motivation, learning, reinforcement learning, values.
Type: article
Keywords: active learning, autonomy, behavior, complexity, curiosity, sensorimotor development, cognitive development, developmental traje
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@ARTICLE { oudeyer:07a,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y. and Kaplan, F. and Hafner, V.",
JOURNAL="IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation",
NUMBER="2",
PAGES="265--286",
TITLE="Intrinsic Motivation Systems for Autonomous Mental Development",
VOLUME="11",
YEAR="2007",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: misc
Keywords: sustainability
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@MISC { steels:07a,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
NOTE="Published on the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of Sony CSL",
TITLE="Community Memories for Sustainable Societies",
YEAR="2007",
}
Steels, L., van Trijp, R. and Wellens, P.
Multi-Level Selection in the Emergence of Language Systematicity.
In Almeida e Costa, F., Rocha, L.M., Costa, E. and Harvey, I., editor,
Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Artificial Life,
LNAI 4648,
Berlin,
2007
Springer-Verlag.
2007
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels, Remi van Trijp
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: language games, multi-level selection
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:07b,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L., van Trijp, R. and Wellens, P.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Artificial Life",
EDITOR="Almeida e Costa, F., Rocha, L.M., Costa, E. and Harvey, I.",
PUBLISHER="Springer-Verlag",
SERIES="LNAI 4648",
TITLE="Multi-Level Selection in the Emergence of Language Systematicity",
YEAR="2007",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
This paper presents computational experiments
that illustrate how one can precisely conceptualize
language evolution as a Darwinian process. We
show that there is potentially a wide diversity of replicating
units and replication mechanisms involved in
language evolution. Computational experiments allow
us to study systemic properties coming out of populations
of linguistic replicators: linguistic replicators can
adapt to specific external environments; they evolve
under the pressure of the cognitive constraints of their
hosts, as well as under the functional pressure of
communication for which they are used; one can observe
neutral drift; coalitions of replicators may appear,
forming higher level groups which can themselves
become subject to competition and selection.
Type: article
Keywords: Language evolution, Language change, Darwinian evolution, Genes, Memes, Replicators, Learning bias, Functional pressure, Self-or
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@ARTICLE { oudeyer:07b,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y. and Kaplan F.",
JOURNAL="Cognitive Processing",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="21--35",
TITLE="Language Evolution as a Darwinian Process: Computational Studies",
VOLUME="8",
YEAR="2007",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Children seem to acquire new know-how in a continuous and open-ended manner. In this paper, we hypothesize that an intrinsic motivation
to progress in learning is at the origins of the remarkable structure of children’s developmental trajectories. In this view, children engage
in exploratory and playful activities for their own sake, not as steps toward other extrinsic goals. The central hypothesis of this paper is
that intrinsically motivating activities correspond to expected decrease in prediction error. This motivation system pushes the infant to
avoid both predictable and unpredictable situations in order to focus on the ones that are expected to maximize progress in learning.
Based on a computational model and a series of robotic experiments, we show how this principle can lead to organized sequences of
behavior of increasing complexity characteristic of several behavioral and developmental patterns observed in humans.We then discuss
the putative circuitry underlying such an intrinsic motivation system in the brain and formulate two novel hypotheses. The first one is that
tonic dopamine acts as a learning progress signal. The second is that this progress signal is directly computed through a hierarchy of
microcortical circuits that act both as prediction and metaprediction systems.
Type: article
Keywords: intrinsic motivation, curiosity, exploration, dopamine, cortical microcircuits, meta-learning, development
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@ARTICLE { kaplan:07a,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y.",
JOURNAL="Frontiers in Neuroscience",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="225-236",
TITLE="In search of the neural circuits of intrinsic motivation",
VOLUME="1",
YEAR="2007",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Intrinsic motivation, the causal mechanism for spontaneous exploration and curiosity, is a
central concept in developmental psychology. It has been argued to be a crucial mechanism
for open-ended cognitive development in humans, and as such has gathered a growing interest
from developmental roboticists in the recent years. The goal of this paper is threefold. First, it
provides a synthesis of the different approaches of intrinsic motivation in psychology. Second,
by interpreting these approaches in a computational reinforcement learning framework, we argue
that they are not operational and even sometimes inconsistent. Third, we set the ground
for a systematic operational study of intrinsic motivation by presenting a formal typology of
possible computational approaches. This typology is partly based on existing computational
models, but also presents new ways of conceptualizing intrinsic motivation. We argue that this
kind of computational typology might be useful for opening new avenues for research both in
psychology and developmental robotics.
Type: article
Keywords: intrinsic motivation, cognitive development, reward, reinforcement learning, exploration, exploration, computational modeling, ar
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@ARTICLE { oudeyer:07c,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y. and Kaplan, F.",
JOURNAL="Frontiers in Neurorobotics",
NUMBER="1",
TITLE="What is intrinsic motivation? A typology of computational approaches",
VOLUME="1",
YEAR="2007",
}
Sony CSL authors: Wouter Van den Broeck
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: semantics, constraints, grounding, IRL
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@INPROCEEDINGS { vandenbroeck:07a,
AUTHOR="Van den Broeck, Wouter",
BOOKTITLE="Language and Robots: Proceedings of the Symposium. 10-12 December 2007, Aveiro, Portugal",
EDITOR="Luís Seabra Lopes, Tony Belpaeme, Stephen J. Cowley",
MONTH="December",
ORGANIZATION="Universidade de Aveiro",
PAGES="93--98",
TITLE="A constraint-based model of grounded compositional semantics",
YEAR="2007",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
Keywords: recruitment theory, origins of language, grammar
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:07d,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Emergence of Language and Communication",
EDITOR="Lyon, C. and Nehaniv, C. L. and Cangelosi, A.",
PAGES="129--151",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
TITLE="The Recruitment Theory of Language Origins",
YEAR="2007",
}
Steels, L.
Fifty Years of AI: From Symbols to Embodiment - and Back.
In Lungarella, M. and Iida, F. and Bongard, J. and Pfeifer, R., editor,
50 Years of Artificial Intelligence, Essays Dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of Artificial Intelligence,
LNAI (
vol. 4850),
pages 18-28,
Berlin,
2007
Springer Verlag.
2007
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: artificial intelligence, embodiment representation
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:07e,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="50 Years of Artificial Intelligence, Essays Dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of Artificial Intelligence",
EDITOR="Lungarella, M. and Iida, F. and Bongard, J. and Pfeifer, R.",
PAGES="18--28",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
SERIES="LNAI",
TITLE="Fifty Years of AI: From Symbols to Embodiment - and Back",
VOLUME="4850",
YEAR="2007",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Cet article présente des travaux récents qui illustrent comment un robot doté d’un système de motivation intrinsèque peut explorer son environnement et apprendre une succession de tâches qui n’ont pas été spécifiées par son programmeur. Un programme générique contrôle le robot et le pousse à rechercher des situations où ses progrès en prédiction sont maximaux. Ces situations, que l’on appelle « niches de progrès », dépendent des opportunités présentes dans l’environnement mais aussi de la morphologie, des contraintes cognitives spécifiques, et de l’expérience passée du robot. Des premiers résultats ont été obtenus dans le domaine de la locomotion, de la découverte des affordances, et des échanges prélinguistiques. Dans chacune de ces expériences, le robot explore les situations « intéressantes » de son point de vue par rapport à ses capacités d’apprentissage et les contraintes de son espace sensorimoteur. L’article discute les résultats de ces premières expériences et conclut sur la possibilité de fournir en retour aux neurosciences et à la psychologie, inspiratrices de ces travaux en robotique, de nouvelles pistes de réflexions et de nouveaux concepts pour penser les processus de développement chez l’enfant.
Type: article
Keywords: développement, robotique, motivations intrinsèques, curiosité artificielle
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { kaplan:07b,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y.",
JOURNAL="Enfance",
PAGES="46--58",
TITLE="Un robot motivé pour apprendre : le rôle des motivations intrinsèques dans le développement sensorimoteur,",
VOLUME="1",
YEAR="2007",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { steels:07f,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Behavioral and Brain Sciences",
NOTE="Open peer commentary",
NUMBER="4",
PAGES="376--377",
TITLE="Is Symbolic Inheritance Similar to Genetic Inheritance?",
VOLUME="30",
YEAR="2007",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { loreto:07a,
AUTHOR="Loreto, V. and Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Nature Physics",
NUMBER="11",
PAGES="758--760",
TITLE="Social Dynamics: Emergence of Language",
VOLUME="3",
YEAR="2007",
}
Steels, L.
Language Originated in Social Brains.
In Vilarroya, O. and Forn i Argimon, F., editor,
Social Brain Matters: Stances of Neurobiology of Social Cognition,
pages 223-242,
Editions Rodopi.
Amsterdam,
2007
2007
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels:07g,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Social Brain Matters: Stances of Neurobiology of Social Cognition",
CHAPTER="9",
EDITOR="Vilarroya, O. and Forn i Argimon, F.",
PAGES="223--242",
PUBLISHER="Editions Rodopi",
TITLE="Language Originated in Social Brains",
YEAR="2007",
}
Steels, L. and de Boer, B.
Embodiment and Self-Organization of Human Categories: A Case Study for Speech.
In Ziemke, T. and Zlatev, J. and Frank, R.M., editor,
Body, Language, and Mind,
Cognitive Linguistics Research (
vol. 1: Embodiment),
pages 411-430,
Mouton De Gruyter.
Berlin,
2007
2007
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels:07z,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and de Boer, B.",
BOOKTITLE="Body, Language, and Mind",
EDITOR="Ziemke, T. and Zlatev, J. and Frank, R.M.",
PAGES="411--430",
PUBLISHER="Mouton De Gruyter",
SERIES="Cognitive Linguistics Research",
TITLE="Embodiment and Self-Organization of Human Categories: A Case Study for Speech",
VOLUME="1: Embodiment",
YEAR="2007",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: incollection
Keywords: progress, curiosity, imitation
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@INCOLLECTION { kaplan:05a,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Models and mechanisms of imitation and social learning: Behavioural, social and communication dimensions",
EDITOR="Dautenhahn, K. and Nehaniv, C.",
NOTE="to appear",
PUBLISHER="Cambridge University Press",
TITLE="The progress-drive hypothesis: an interpretation of early imitation",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: artificial language, grammar, evolution
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:06a,
ADDRESS="London",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on",
EDITOR="Cangelosi, A., Smith A. and Smith K.",
PUBLISHER="World Scientific Publishing",
TITLE="How to do Experiments in Artificial Language Evolution and Why",
YEAR="2006",
}
Steels, L. and J. De Beule
Unify and Merge in Fluid Construction Grammar.
In Vogt, P., Sugita, Y., Tuci, E. and Nehaniv, C., editor,
Symbol Grounding and Beyond: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Commun,
LNAI 4211,
pages 197-223,
Springer-Verlag.
Berlin,
2006
2006
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
Keywords: unify, merge, FCG, fluid construction grammar, evolution language
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:06b,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and J. De Beule",
BOOKTITLE="Symbol Grounding and Beyond: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Commun",
EDITOR="Vogt, P., Sugita, Y., Tuci, E. and Nehaniv, C.",
PAGES="197--223",
PUBLISHER="Springer-Verlag",
SERIES="LNAI 4211",
TITLE="Unify and Merge in Fluid Construction Grammar",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { oudeyer:06a,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y. and Kaplan, F.",
JOURNAL="Connection Science",
NUMBER="2",
PAGES="189--206",
TITLE="Discovering Communication",
VOLUME="18",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: inbook
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@INBOOK { oudeyer:06b,
AUTHOR="P-Y. Oudeyer",
BOOKTITLE="Emergence of Communication and Language",
EDITOR="C. Lyon and C. Nehaniv and A. Cangelosi",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
TITLE="From vocal replication to shared combinatorial speech codes: a small step for evolution, a big step for language",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Melanie Aurnhammer, Peter Hanappe, Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { aurnhammer:06a,
AUTHOR="Aurnhammer, M. and Hanappe, P. and Steels. L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings WWW2006, Collaborative Web Tagging Workshop",
MONTH="May",
TITLE="Integrating Collaborative Tagging and Emergent Semantics for Image Retrieval",
YEAR="2006",
}
Baronchelli, Andrea, Felici, Maddalena, Loreto, Vittorio, Caglioti, Emanuele and Steels, Luc
Sharp Transition Towards Shared Vocabularies in Multi-Agent Systems.
Journal of Statistical Mechanics,
P06014,
2006
2006
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { baronchelli:06a,
AUTHOR="Baronchelli, Andrea and Felici, Maddalena and Loreto, Vittorio and Caglioti, Emanuele and Steels, Luc",
JOURNAL="Journal of Statistical Mechanics",
TITLE="Sharp Transition Towards Shared Vocabularies in Multi-Agent Systems",
VOLUME="P06014",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: future, artificial intelligence, semiotic dynamics, embodied agents, language
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@ARTICLE { steels:06c,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="IEEE Intelligent Systems",
MONTH="May/June",
NUMBER="3",
PAGES="32--38",
TITLE="Semiotic Dynamics for Embodied Agents",
VOLUME="21",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: emergence, communication, language
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@ARTICLE { steels:06d,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Trends in Cognitive Sciences",
MONTH="August",
NUMBER="8",
PAGES="347--349",
TITLE="Experiments on the Emergence of Human Communication",
VOLUME="10",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Melanie Aurnhammer, Peter Hanappe, Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: emergent semantics, tagging
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@INPROCEEDINGS { aurnhammer:06b,
AUTHOR="Aurnhammer, M. and Hanappe, P. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="International Semantic Web Conference",
TITLE="Augmenting Navigation for Collaborative Tagging with Emergent Semantics",
YEAR="2006",
}
Steels, L. and P. Wellens
How Grammar Emerges to Dampen Combinatorial Search in Parsing.
In Vogt, P., Sugita, Y., Tuci, E. and Nehaniv, C., editor,
Symbol Grounding and Beyond: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Commun,
LNAI 4211,
pages 76-88,
Berlin,
2006
Springer-Verlag.
2006
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: grammar, search, damping syntax
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:06e,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and P. Wellens",
BOOKTITLE="Symbol Grounding and Beyond: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Commun",
EDITOR="Vogt, P., Sugita, Y., Tuci, E. and Nehaniv, C.",
PAGES="76--88",
PUBLISHER="Springer-Verlag",
SERIES="LNAI 4211",
TITLE="How Grammar Emerges to Dampen Combinatorial Search in Parsing",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Peter Hanappe, Luc Steels
Type: inbook
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@INBOOK { steels:06f,
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Hanappe, P.",
BOOKTITLE="Journal on Data Semantics VI",
PAGES="143--167",
PUBLISHER="Springer Berlin / Heidelberg",
SERIES="Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
TITLE="Interoperability Through Emergent Semantics A Semiotic Dynamics Approach.",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: tagging
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@ARTICLE { steels:06g,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Pragmatics and Cognition",
NUMBER="2",
PAGES="287--292",
TITLE="Collaborative Tagging as Distributed Cognition",
VOLUME="14",
YEAR="2006",
}
de la Mora-Basáñez, C.R., Guerra-Hernández, A. and Steels, L.
Does Complex Learning Require Complex Connectivity?.
In Sichman, J.S. and Coelho, H. and Rezende, S.O., editor,
Proceedings of the Ibero-American AI Conference (IBERAMIA-SBIA 2006),
LNAI (
vol. 4140),
pages 572-581,
Berlin,
2006
Springer Verlag.
2006
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { delamora:06a,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="de la Mora-Basáñez, C.R. and Guerra-Hernández, A. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the Ibero-American AI Conference (IBERAMIA-SBIA 2006)",
EDITOR="Sichman, J.S. and Coelho, H. and Rezende, S.O.",
PAGES="572-581",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
SERIES="LNAI",
TITLE="Does Complex Learning Require Complex Connectivity?",
VOLUME="4140",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: book
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { oudeyer:06c,
AUTHOR="P-Y. Oudeyer",
PUBLISHER="Oxford University Press",
SERIES="Studies in the Evolution of Language",
TITLE="Self-Organization in the Evolution of Speech",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Verena Hafner, Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of joint
attention and the different skills underlying its development. We argue that
joint attention is much more than simultaneous looking because
it implies a shared intentional relation to the world. This requires
skills for attention detection, attention manipulation, social coordination
and intentional understanding.
The current state-of-the-art in robotic and computational models of the
different prerequisites of joint attention is discussed in relation with
a developmental timeline drawn from results in child studies.
From this survey, we identify open issues and challenges that still need to
be addressed to understand the development of all aspects of joint attention.
Type: article
Keywords: joint attention, joint intention, goal-direction actions
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { kaplan:06a,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Hafner, V.",
JOURNAL="Interaction Studies",
NUMBER="2",
TITLE="The challenges of joint attention",
VOLUME="7",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: article
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { koning:06a,
AUTHOR="J-L. Koning and P-Y. Oudeyer",
JOURNAL="Applied Intelligence",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="7--21",
TITLE="Modeling interaction strategies using POS: An application to soccer robots",
VOLUME="25",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Verena Hafner, Frédéric Kaplan
Type: article
Keywords: AIBO, information distance, activity clustering
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { kaplan:06b,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Hafner, V.",
JOURNAL="Advanced Robotics",
NOTE="in press",
TITLE="Information-theoretic framework for unsupervised activity classification",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: article
Keywords: linguistics, nominalization, cognition
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { vantrijp:06a,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, Remi.",
JOURNAL="www.cognitivelinguistics.org",
TITLE="Book Review on Liesbet Heyvaert (2003) A Cognitive-Functional Approach to Nominalization in English",
YEAR="2006",
}
Sony CSL authors: Remi van Trijp
Type: misc
Keywords: review
BibTeX entry
@MISC { vantrijp:06b,
AUTHOR="van Trijp, Remi",
HOWPUBLISHED="http://www.cognitivelinguistics.org/",
TITLE="Book Review on Royal Skousen, Deryle Lonsdale and Dilworth B. Parkinson, eds. (2002) Analogical Modeling",
YEAR="2006",
}
De Beule, J. and Steels, L.
Hierarchy in Fluid Construction Grammar.
In Furbach, U., editor,
Proceedings of the 28th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (
vol. 3698),
pages 1-15,
Berlin, Germany,
2005
Springer Verlag.
2005
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: Fluid, Construction, Grammar
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:05c,
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
AUTHOR="De Beule, J. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 28th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
EDITOR="Furbach, U.",
PAGES="1-15",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
SERIES="Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence",
TITLE="Hierarchy in Fluid Construction Grammar",
TYPE="Technical Report",
VOLUME="3698",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Sound is a medium used by humans to carry information. The existence
of this kind of medium is a pre-requisite for language. It is organized
into a code, called speech, which provides a repertoire of forms
that is shared in each language community. This code is necessary to
support the linguistic interactions that allow humans to communicate.
How then may a speech code be formed prior to the existence of linguistic
interactions?
Moreover, the human speech code is characterized by several properties:
speech is digital and compositional (vocalizations are made of units
re-used systematically in other syllables); phoneme inventories have precise
regularities as well as great diversity in human languages; all the
speakers of a language community categorize sounds in the same manner,
but each language has its own system of categorization, possibly very
different from every other. How can a speech code with these properties
form?
These are the questions we will approach in the paper. We will study
them using the method of the artificial. We will build a society of artificial
agents, and study what mechanisms may provide answers. This will not
prove directly what mechanisms were used for humans, but rather give
ideas about what kind of mechanism may have been used. This allows us
to shape the search space of possible answers, in particular by showing
what is sufficient and what is not necessary.
The mechanism we present is based on a low-level model of sensorymotor
interactions. We show that the integration of certain very simple
and non language-specific neural devices allows a population of agents
to build a speech code that has the properties mentioned above. The
originality is that it pre-supposes neither a functional pressure for communication,
nor the ability to have coordinated social interactions (they
do not play language or imitation games). It relies on the self-organizing
properties of a generic coupling between perception and production both
within agents, and on the interactions between agents.
Type: inbook
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@INBOOK { oudeyer:05a,
AUTHOR="P-Y. Oudeyer",
BOOKTITLE="Language Origins: Perspectives on Evolution",
CHAPTER="4",
EDITOR="M. Tallerman",
PAGES="68-99",
PUBLISHER="Oxford University Press",
TITLE="From Holistic to Discrete Speech Sounds: The Blind Snow-Flake Maker Hypothesis",
YEAR="2005",
}
Hafner, V.V. and Kaplan, F.
Learning to interpret pointing gestures: experiments with four-legged autonomous robots.
In Wermter, S. and Palm, G. and Elshaw, M., editor,
Biomimetic Neural Learning for Intelligent Robots. Intelligent Systems, Cognitive Robotics, and Neuroscience,
Series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Subseries: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 3575,
Springer Verlag.
2005
2005
Sony CSL authors: Verena Hafner, Frédéric Kaplan
Type: incollection
Keywords: pointing, joint attention, aibo
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@INCOLLECTION { hafner:04a,
AUTHOR="Hafner, V.V. and Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Biomimetic Neural Learning for Intelligent Robots. Intelligent Systems, Cognitive Robotics, and Neuroscience",
EDITOR="Wermter, S. and Palm, G. and Elshaw, M.",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
SERIES="Series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Subseries: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 3575",
TITLE="Learning to interpret pointing gestures: experiments with four-legged autonomous robots",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
The speech code is a vehicle of language: it defines a set of forms used by a
community to carry information. Such a code is necessary to support the linguistic
interactions that allow humans to communicate. How then may a speech code be
formed prior to the existence of linguistic interactions? Moreover, the human speech
code is discrete and compositional, shared by all the individuals of a community
but different across communities, and phoneme inventories are characterized by
statistical regularities. How can a speech code with these properties form?
We try to approach these questions in the paper, using the “methodology of
the artificial”. We build a society of artificial agents, and detail a mechanism that
shows the formation of a discrete speech code without pre-supposing the existence
of linguistic capacities or of coordinated interactions. The mechanism is based on
a low-level model of sensory-motor interactions. We show that the integration of
certain very simple and non language-specific neural devices leads to the formation
of a speech code that has properties similar to the human speech code. This result
relies on the self-organizing properties of a generic coupling between perception and
production within agents, and on the interactions between agents. The artificial
system helps us to develop better intuitions on how speech might have appeared,
by showing how self-organization might have helped natural selection to find speech.
Type: article
Keywords: origins of speech sounds, self-organization, evolution, forms, artificial systems, artificial systems, phonetics, phonology, self-organisat
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@ARTICLE { oudeyer:05b,
AUTHOR="P-Y. Oudeyer",
JOURNAL="Journal of Theoretical Biology",
NUMBER="3",
PAGES="435--449",
TITLE="The Self-Organization of Speech Sounds",
VOLUME="233",
YEAR="2005",
}
P-Y. Oudeyer, F. Kaplan, V. V. Hafner and A. Whyte
The Playground Experiment: Task-Independent Development of a Curious Robot.
In Bank, D. and Meeden, L., editor,
Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Developmental Robotics, 2005,
pages 42-47,
Stanford, California,
2005
2005
Sony CSL authors: Verena Hafner, Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer, Andrew Whyte
Abstract
This paper presents the mechanism of Intelligent Adaptive Curiosity.
This is an intrinsic motivation system which pushes the robot towards situations in which
it maximizes its learning progress. It makes the robot focus on
situations which are neither too predictable nor too unpredictable.
This mechanism is a source of autonomous mental development for the robot:
the complexity of its activities autonomously increases and a
developmental sequence appears without being manually constructed.
We test this motivation system on a real robot which
evolves on a baby play mat with objects that it can learn to manipulate.
We show that it first spends time in situations which are easy
to learn, then shifts progressively its attention to situations of
increasing difficulty, avoiding situations in which nothing can be learnt.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: developmental, robotics, autonomous, mental, development, intrinsic, motivation, systems, robots, robotics, complexity, curiosity, artifici
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@INPROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:05c,
ADDRESS="Stanford, California",
AUTHOR="P-Y. Oudeyer and F. Kaplan and V. V. Hafner and A. Whyte",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Developmental Robotics, 2005",
EDITOR="Bank, D. and Meeden, L.",
PAGES="42--47",
TITLE="The Playground Experiment: Task-Independent Development of a Curious Robot",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
This paper reports research into a fully operational, computational implementation of a new formalism for construction grammar, known as Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG). The implementation includes components parsing a sentence into its semantic interpretation, and components that turn a semantic specification into a sentence via intermediary semantic and syntactic structures. FCG uses many techniques from formal/computational linguistics, such as feature structures for representing syntactic and semantic structures and unification as basic mechanism for the selection and activation of rules. But the formalism and its processing components have a number of unique properties: All rules are bi-directional so that the same rules can be used for both parsing and production, and they can be flexibly applied so that ungrammatical sentences or meanings that are only partly covered by the language inventory, can be handled without catastrophic performance degradation. The paper focuses in particular how linking, i.e. the mapping of abstract semantic frames to grammatical patterns is handled.
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:05b,
ADDRESS="Brussels",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and De Beule, J. and Neubauer, N.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of BNAIC",
JOURNAL="Submitted",
ORGANIZATION="Transactions of the Belgian Royal Society of Arts and Sciences",
PAGES="11--18",
TITLE="Linking in Fluid Construction Grammars",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
La parole, système conventionnel de vocalisations, est un support physique du langage qui
nous permet de véhiculer des informations. Un tel système est un pré-requis pour la
communication linguistique. Comment les premiers codes de la parole ont-ils donc pu
apparaître sans qu’il n’existe déjà de système linguistique ? En outre, le code de la parole
humain est caractérisé par des propriétés particulières : il est discret et combinatorial, il est
partagé par tous les membres d’une même communauté linguistique mais peut être très
différent d’une communauté à l’autre, et il existe des régularités statistiques à l’échelle de
l’ensemble des langues humaines. Quelle est l’origine de cette structure ?
Pour attaquer ces questions, nous présentons dans cet article un système artificiel qui permet
de conceptualiser la manière dont une société d’agents, dotés de conduits vocaux et d’oreilles
reliés par des réseaux neuronaux, peut former par auto-organisation un code de la parole
discret, combinatorial et partagé par tous les agents, sans que l’on présuppose de capacité
linguistique ou de capacité de coordination sociale. Les structures neurales que l’on utilise
sont aussi très simples d’un point de vue évolutionnaire, et leur auto-organisation repose sur
le couplage de la perception et de la production à la fois dans les agents et entre les agents.
Le système artificiel nous permet de mieux comprendre comment la parole a pu apparaître,
en montrant comment des mécanismes d’auto-organisation ont pu contraindre l’espace des
formes et aider la sélection naturelle à trouver les fondations de la parole.
Type: article
Keywords: origine de la parole, auto-organisation, auto-organisation, formes, systèmes artificiels, systèmes artificiels, phonétique, phonologie
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@ARTICLE { oudeyer:05d,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y.",
JOURNAL="Cahiers Romans de Sciences Cognitives, In Cognito",
NUMBER="2",
PAGES="1--24",
TITLE="Aux sources du langage : l'auto-organisation de la parole",
VOLUME="2",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
This paper shows how a society of agents can self-organise a shared
vocalisation system which is discrete, combinatorial, and has a form of
primitive phonotactics, starting from holistic inarticulate vocalisations.
The originality of the system is that: 1) it does not include any explicit
pressure for communication; 2) agents do not possess capabilities of coordinated
interactions, in particular they do not play language games; 3)
agents possess no specific linguistic capacities; 4) initially there exist no
convention that agent can use. As a consequence, the system shows how a primitive speech code may bootstrap in the absence of a communication
system between agents, i.e. before the appearance of language.
Type: article
Keywords: origins of speech, self-organisation, evolution, phonetics, phonetics, combinatoriality
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@ARTICLE { oudeyer:05e,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y.",
JOURNAL="Connection Science",
NUMBER="3-4",
PAGES="pp. 325--341",
TITLE="The self-organisation of combinatoriality and phonotactics in vocalisation systems",
VOLUME="17",
YEAR="2005",
}
Hafner, V. and Kaplan, F.
Interpersonal maps and the body correspondence problem.
In Demiris, Y. and Dautenhahn, K. and Nehaniv, C., editor,
Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Imitation in animals and artifacts,
pages 48-53,
Herderfordshire, UK,
2005
2005
Sony CSL authors: Verena Hafner, Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the concept of “interpersonal maps”. They realize a representation of one’s own body to include the body of one’s peers. In cases of strong couplings between agents, a “we centric” space can emerge in which the agent’s body structure can be directly mapped onto the structure of an observed body. Based on a set of robotic experiments, we argue that this unified representation can help to elucidate both the formation of a body schema and the body correspondence problem.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: imitiation, body maps, body correspondence problem, aibo
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@INPROCEEDINGS { hafner:05a,
ADDRESS="Herderfordshire, UK",
AUTHOR="Hafner, V. and Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Imitation in animals and artifacts",
EDITOR="Demiris, Y. and Dautenhahn, K. and Nehaniv, C.",
PAGES="48--53",
TITLE="Interpersonal maps and the body correspondence problem",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Verena Hafner, Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
This article presents a mathematical framework based on information theory to compare temporally-extended embodied sensorimotor organizations. Central to this approach is the notion of configuration: a set of distances between information sources, statistically evaluated for a given time span. Because information distances capture simultaneously effects of physical closeness, intermodality, functional relationship and external couplings, a configuration characterizes an embodied interaction with a particular environment. In this approach, collections of skills can be mapped in a unified space as configurations of configurations. This article describes these different abstractions in a formal manner and presents results of preliminary experiments showing how this framework can be used to capture the behavioral organization of an autonomous robot.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: information theory, analogy, skills
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:05d,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Hafner, V.V.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL-05)",
PAGES="129--134",
PUBLISHER="IEEE",
TITLE="Mapping the space of skills: An approach for comparing embodied sensorimotor organizations",
YEAR="2005",
}
Steels, L.
What triggers the emergence of grammar?.
AISB'05: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Communication (EELC'05),
pages 143-150,
Hatfield,
2005
University of Hertfordshire.
2005
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:05f,
ADDRESS="Hatfield",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="AISB'05: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Communication (EELC'05)",
JOURNAL="To appear in: AISB \'05",
PAGES="143--150",
PUBLISHER="University of Hertfordshire",
TITLE="What triggers the emergence of grammar?",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: IRL, FCG, semantics
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:05g,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Bleys, J.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of CAEPIA \'05. Lecture Notes in AI.",
EDITOR="Bugarin Diz, A. and J. Santos Reyes",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
TITLE="Planning What To Say: Second Order Semantics for Fluid Construction Grammars",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { steels:05e,
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Belpaeme, T.",
JOURNAL="Behavioral and Brain Sciences",
NUMBER="4",
PAGES="469-489",
TITLE="Coordinating Perceptually Grounded Categories Through Language: A Case Study For Colour",
VOLUME="28",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { steels:05h,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Connection Science",
MONTH="Sep-Dec",
NUMBER="3-4",
PAGES="213--230",
TITLE="The Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Structure: From Lexical to Grammatical Communication Systems",
VOLUME="17",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { oudeyer:05g,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y.",
JOURNAL="Adaptive Behavior",
NUMBER="4",
PAGES="269--280",
TITLE="How Phonological Structures Can Be Culturally Selected for Learnability",
VOLUME="13",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
Distributed coordination is the result of dynamical processes enabling independent agents to coordinate their actions without the need of a central coordinator. In the past years, several computational models have illustrated the role played by such dynamics for self-organizing communication systems. In particular, it has been shown that agents could bootstrap shared convention systems based on simple local adaptation rules. Such models have played a pivotal role for our understanding of emergent language processes. However, only few formal or theoretical results were published about such systems. This article discusses deliberately simple computational models in order to make progress in understanding the underlying dynamics responsible for distributed coordination and the scaling laws of such systems. In particular, the article focuses on explaining the convergence speed of those models, a largely underinvestigated issue. Conjectures obtained through empirical and qualitative studies of these simple models are compared with results of more complex simulations and discussed in relation with theoretical models formalized using Markov chains, game theory and Polya processes.
Type: article
Keywords: distributed co-ordination, self-organizing lexicon, naming game, scaling laws, polya processes, markov chains, stochastic games
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@ARTICLE { kaplan:05e,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
JOURNAL="Connection Science",
NUMBER="3--4",
PAGES="249--270",
TITLE="Simple models of distributed co-ordination",
VOLUME="17",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
Conçus pour distraire, amuser et tenir compagnie, les robots de loisir sont des machines d’un nouveau genre, fascinantes et troublantes à la fois.
Depuis 1997, Frédéric Kaplan travaille avec les équipes japonaises de Sony à la conception de nouvelles technologies pour ces créatures artificielles. Il s’agit de les doter de capacités d’apprentissage leur permettant de se développer de manière autonome, un peu à la manière d’un jeune animal qui découvre son environnement.
En retraçant son itinéraire de recherche, l’auteur nous fait découvrir la face cachée de ces machines, les technologies nouvelles dont elles pourront demain être dotées et les questionnements de ceux qui les construisent. L’histoire des techniques, les travaux des psychologues et les recherches sur le comportement animal permettent de jeter un nouveau regard sur ces objets insolites.
Les réactions qu’ils suscitent révèlent la place singulière tenue par les machines dans notre culture et leur rôle crucial dans l’image que nous nous faisons de nous-même. S’interroger sur les robots, c’est mieux comprendre ce que nous sommes.
Type: book
Keywords: aibo, robots, entertainment robots, robots de compagnie, robots de divertissement, robots de loisir, developmental robotics, ent
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { kaplan:05b,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
NOTE="http://www.machines-apprivoisees.com",
PUBLISHER="Vuibert",
SERIES="Coll. Automates Intelligents",
TITLE="Les machines apprivoisees : comprendre les robots de loisir",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: categorization, semiotic dynamics language, color, colour
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { steels:05i,
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Belpaeme, T.",
JOURNAL="Behaviroral and Brain Sciences",
NUMBER="4",
PAGES="515--529",
TITLE="The Semiotic Dynamics of Color",
VOLUME="28",
YEAR="2005",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:01g,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Evolution of communication systems : A comparative approach",
EDITOR="Kimbrough Oller, D. and Griebel, U.",
PAGES="69--90",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="Social and cultural learning in the evolution of human communication",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
The paper surveys some of the mechanisms that have been demonstrated to be relevant for evolving communication systems in software simulations or robotic experiments. In each case, precursors or
parallels with work in the study of artificial life and adaptive behaviour are discussed.
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:04a,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Adaptive Agents and Multi-Agent Systems",
EDITOR="Alonso, E., D. Kudenko and D. Kazakov",
PAGES="125--140",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
SERIES="Lecture Notes in AI",
TITLE="The Evolution of Communication Systems by Adaptive Agents",
VOLUME="2636",
YEAR="2004",
}
Steels, L.
The Autotelic Principle.
In Fumiya, I. and Pfeifer, R. and Steels,L. and Kunyoshi, K., editor,
Embodied Artificial Intelligence,
Lecture Notes in AI (
vol. 3139),
pages 231-242,
Springer Verlag.
Berlin,
2004
2004
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
The dominant motivational paradigm in embodied AI so far is based on the classical behaviorist approach of reward and punishment. The paper introduces a new principle based on &facute;low theory'. This new, `autotelic', principle
proposes that agents can become self-motivated if their target is to balance challenges and skills. The paper presents an operational version of this principle and argues that it enables a developing robot to self-regulate his development.
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:04b,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Embodied Artificial Intelligence",
EDITOR="Fumiya, I. and Pfeifer, R. and Steels,L. and Kunyoshi, K.",
PAGES="231--242",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
SERIES="Lecture Notes in AI",
TITLE="The Autotelic Principle",
VOLUME="3139",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
The paper reports on progress in building computational models of a constructivist approach to language development. It introduces a formalism for construction
grammars and learning strategies based on invention, abduction, and induction. Examples are drawn from experiments exercising the model in situated
language games played by embodied artificial agents.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: fluid construction grammars, semiotic dynamics, self-organisation of language
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:04c,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
EDITOR="Daelemans, W. and Walker, M.",
ORGANIZATION="Association for Computational Linguistic Conference",
PAGES="9-19",
TITLE="Constructivist Development of Grounded Construction Grammars",
YEAR="2004",
}
Steels, L.
Gallery Structure Formation in .
In Schaal, S, A.J. Ijspeert, A. Billard, S. Vijayakumar, J. Hallam and J-A. Meyer, editor,
From Animals to Animats 8: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior,
vol. 8,
pages 67-75,
Cambridge, MA,
2004
The MIT Press.
2004
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
The paper presents an agent-based model of gallery structure formation by bark beetles. It attempts to show that the remarkably complex patterns observed in nature are an emergent side effect of several basic processes mostly related to the embodied interaction of the beetle with the wood.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: self-organisation, animal behavior simulation, bark beetles
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:04d,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="From Animals to Animats 8: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior",
EDITOR="Schaal, S, A.J. Ijspeert, A. Billard, S. Vijayakumar, J. Hallam and J-A. Meyer",
PAGES="67--75",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="Gallery Structure Formation in \\\\",
VOLUME="8",
YEAR="2004",
}
Oudeyer, P-Y. and Kaplan, F.
Intelligent adaptive curiosity: a source of self-development.
In Luc Berthouze and Hideki Kozima and Christopher G. Prince and Giulio Sandini and Georgi Stojanov and G. Metta and C. Balkenius, editor,
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Epigenetic Robotics,
vol. 117,
pages 127-130,
2004
Lund University Cognitive Studies.
2004
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
This paper presents the mechanism of Intelligent
Adaptive Curiosity. This is a drive
which pushes the robot towards situations in
which it maximizes its learning progress. It
makes the robot focus on situations which
are neither too predictable nor too unpredictable.
This mechanism is a source of selfdevelopment
for the robot: the complexity of
its activity autonomously increases. Indeed,
we show that it first spends time in situations
which are easy to learn,then shifts progressively
its attention to situations of increasing
difficulty,a voiding situations in which nothing
can be learnt.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: curiosity, active learning, self-development, complexity, epigenetics robotics, developmental robotics, autonomous mental develo
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@INPROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:04a,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y. and Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Epigenetic Robotics",
EDITOR="Luc Berthouze and Hideki Kozima and Christopher G. Prince and Giulio Sandini and Georgi Stojanov and G. Metta and C. Balkenius",
PAGES="127--130",
PUBLISHER="Lund University Cognitive Studies",
TITLE="Intelligent adaptive curiosity: a source of self-development",
VOLUME="117",
YEAR="2004",
}
Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y.
Maximizing learning progress: an internal reward system for development.
In Iida, F. and Pfeifer, R. and Steels, L. and Kuniyoshi, Y., editor,
Embodied Artificial Intelligence,
LNCS 3139,
pages 259-270,
Springer-Verlag.
London, UK,
2004
2004
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
This chapter presents a generic internal reward system that drives an agent to increase the complexity of its behavior. This reward system does not reinforce a predefined task. Its purpose is to drive the agent to progress in learning given its embodiment and the environment in which it is placed. The dynamics created by such a system are studied first in a simple environment and then in the context of active vision.
Type: incollection
Keywords: curiosity, self-developing systems, active learning, active vision
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@INCOLLECTION { kaplan:04b,
ADDRESS="London, UK",
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Embodied Artificial Intelligence",
EDITOR="Iida, F. and Pfeifer, R. and Steels, L. and Kuniyoshi, Y.",
PAGES="259--270",
PUBLISHER="Springer-Verlag",
SERIES="LNCS 3139",
TITLE="Maximizing learning progress: an internal reward system for development",
YEAR="2004",
}
Kaplan, F. and Hafner, V.V.
The Challenges of Joint Attention.
In Berthouze, L. and Kozima, H. and Prince, C. and Sandini, G. and Stojanov, G. and Metta, G. and Balkenius, C., editor,
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Epigenetic Robotics: Modeling Cognitive Development in Robotic System,
pages 67-74,
2004
Lund University Cognitive Studies 117.
2004
Sony CSL authors: Verena Hafner, Frédéric Kaplan
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: joint attention, intentional understanding, social coordination, development
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:04a,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Hafner, V.V.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Epigenetic Robotics: Modeling Cognitive Development in Robotic System",
EDITOR="Berthouze, L. and Kozima, H. and Prince, C. and Sandini, G. and Stojanov, G. and Metta, G. and Balkenius, C.",
PAGES="67-74",
PUBLISHER="Lund University Cognitive Studies 117",
TITLE="The Challenges of Joint Attention",
YEAR="2004",
}
Kubinyi, E., Miklosi, A., Kaplan, F., Gacsi, M., Topal, J. and Csanyi, V.
Social behaviour of dogs encoutering AIBO, an animal-like robot in a neutral and in a feeding situation.
Behavioural processes,
65:231-239,
2004
2004
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
The use of animal-like autonomous robots might offer new possibilities in the study of animal interactions, if the subject recognises it as a social partner. In this paper we investigate whether AIBO, a dog-like robot of the Sony Corp. can be used for this purpose. Twenty-four adult and sixteen 4–5 months old pet dogs were tested in two situations where subjects encountered one of four different test-partners: (1) a remote controlled car; (2) an AIBO robot; (3) AIBO with a puppy-scented furry cover; and (4) a 2-month-old puppy. In the neutral situation the dog could interact freely with one of the partners for 1 min in a closed arena in the presence of its owner. In the feeding situation the encounters were started while the dog was eating food. Our results show that age and context influence the social behaviour of dogs. Further, we have found that although both age groups differentiated the living and non-living test-partners for some extent, the furry AIBO evoked significantly increased responses in comparison to the car. These experiments show the first steps towards the application of robots in behavioural studies, notwithstanding that at present AIBO’s limited ability to move constrains its effectiveness as social partner for dogs.
Type: article
Keywords: aibo, dog, ethology, social behaviour
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@ARTICLE { kubinyi:04a,
AUTHOR="Kubinyi, E. and Miklosi, A. and Kaplan, F. and Gacsi, M. and Topal, J. and Csanyi, V.",
JOURNAL="Behavioural processes",
PAGES="231--239",
TITLE="Social behaviour of dogs encoutering AIBO, an animal-like robot in a neutral and in a feeding situation",
VOLUME="65",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
Are robots perceived in the same manner in the West and in Japan? This article presents a preliminary exploration of several aspects of the Japanese culture and a survey of the most important myths and novels involving artificial beings in Western literature. Through this analysis, the article tries to shed light on particular cultural features that may account for contemporary differences in our behavior towards humanoids.
Type: article
Keywords: robots, cultural studies, humanoids, japan, shinto, manga, science-fiction, metaphors
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@ARTICLE { kaplan:04e,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
JOURNAL="International Journal of Humanoid Robotics",
NUMBER="3",
PAGES="465--480",
TITLE="Who is afraid of the humanoid? Investigating cultural differences in the acceptance of robots",
VOLUME="1",
YEAR="2004",
}
Steels, L.
The Architecture of Flow.
In Tokoro, M. and Steels, L., editor,
A Learning Zone of One's Own,
pages 135-150,
IOS Press.
Amsterdam,
2004
2004
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:04f,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="A Learning Zone of One's Own",
EDITOR="Tokoro, M. and Steels, L.",
PAGES="135--150",
PUBLISHER="IOS Press",
TITLE="The Architecture of Flow",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Joris Bleys, Luc Steels, Joris Van Looveren
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:04h,
ADDRESS="Marseille",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and De Beule, J. and Neubauer, N. and Van Looveren, J.",
BOOKTITLE="Poster presentation at the International Conference on Construction Grammars",
TITLE="Fluid Construction Grammars: Production",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Joris Bleys, Luc Steels, Joris Van Looveren
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:04i,
ADDRESS="Marseille",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and De Beule, J. and Neubauer, N. and Van Looveren, J.",
BOOKTITLE="Poster presentation at the International Conference on Construction Grammars",
TITLE="Fluid Construction Grammars: Interpretation",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: misc
Keywords: FCG, origins of language, Fluid Construction Grammar, evolution of language, syntax, grammar
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@MISC { steels:04g,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
HOWPUBLISHED="Internet",
TITLE="Fluid Construction Grammars: A brief Tutorial",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels :04a,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="A Learning Zone of One's Own",
CHAPTER="7",
EDITOR="Tokoro, M. and L. Steels",
PUBLISHER="IOS Press",
TITLE="The Architecture of Flow",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Verena Hafner, Frédéric Kaplan, Andrew Whyte
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: joint, attention
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:04c,
ADDRESS="Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA.",
AUTHOR="Kaplan,F. and Hafner, V. and Whyte, A.",
BOOKTITLE="Third International Conference on Development and Learning: Developing social brains",
TITLE="Attention detection and attention manipulation between autonomous four-legged robots",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: neuromodulation, curiosity, open-ended development
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:04d,
ADDRESS="Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA.",
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Third International Conference on Development and Learning: Developing social brains",
TITLE="Neuromodulation and open-ended development",
YEAR="2004",
}
Steels, L.
Analogies between Genome and Language Evolution.
In Pollck, J. et al., editor,
Artificial Life IX: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems,
pages 200-207,
Cambridge, MA,
2004
The MIT Press.
2004
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:04e,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Artificial Life IX: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems",
EDITOR="Pollck, J. et al.",
PAGES="200--207",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="Analogies between Genome and Language Evolution",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: book
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { fumiya:04a,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
EDITOR="Fumiya, I. and Pfeifer, R. and Steels, L. and Kunyoshi, K.",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
TITLE="Embodied Artificial Intelligence: Lecture Notes in AI",
VOLUME="3139",
YEAR="2004",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: book
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { tokoro:04a,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
EDITOR="Tokoro, M. and Steels, L.",
PUBLISHER="IOS Press",
TITLE="A Learning Zone of One's Own: Sharing Representations ans Flow in Collaborative Learning Environments",
YEAR="2004",
}
Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y.
Motivational principles for visual know-how development.
In Prince, C.G. and Berthouze, L. and Kozima, H. and Bullock, D. and Stojanov, G. and Balkenius, C., editor,
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Epigenetic Robotics : Modeling cognitive development in robotic systems,
pages 73-80,
2003
Lund University Cognitive Studies 101.
2003
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
What dynamics can enable a robot to continuously develop new visual know-how? We present a first experimental investigation where an AIBO robot develops visual competences from scratch driven only by internal motivations. The motivational principles used by the robot are independent of any particular task. As a consequence, they can constitute the basis for a general approach to sensory-motor development.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: development robotics, aibo, active vision, motivations, awareness
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:03c,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Epigenetic Robotics : Modeling cognitive development in robotic systems",
EDITOR="Prince, C.G. and Berthouze, L. and Kozima, H. and Bullock, D. and Stojanov, G. and Balkenius, C.",
PAGES="73--80",
PUBLISHER="Lund University Cognitive Studies 101",
TITLE="Motivational principles for visual know-how development",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Jean-Christophe Baillie
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { steels:03a,
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and J-C. Baillie",
JOURNAL="Robotics and Autonomous Systems",
MONTH="May",
NUMBER="2-3",
PAGES="163-173",
TITLE="Shared grounding of event descriptions by autonomous robots.",
VOLUME="43",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
The computational and robotic modeling of language evolution is emerging
as a new exciting subfield in cognitive science. The objective is to come up with precise
operational models how communities of agents, equiped with
a cognitive apparatus, a sensori-motor system, and a body, can
arrive at shared grounded communication systems that have similar
characteristics as human languages. Apart from its technological interest
for building novel applications in the domain of human-robot or robot-robot
interaction, this research is potentially relevant to the many
disciplines interested in the origins and evolution of language.
Type: article
Keywords: grounding, language evolution, semiotic dynamics
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@ARTICLE { steels:03c,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Trends in Cognitive Science",
MONTH="July",
NUMBER="7",
PAGES="308-312",
TITLE="Evolving grounded communication for robots",
VOLUME="7",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
As soon as we stop talking aloud, we seem to experience a kind of `inner voice', a steady stream of verbal fragments expressing ongoing thoughts. What kind of information processing structures are required to explain such a phenomenon? Why would an ínner voice' be useful? How could it have arisen? This paper explores these questions and reports briefly some computational experiments to help elucidate them.
Type: article
Keywords: machine consciousness, semiotic dynamics, inner voice
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@ARTICLE { steels:03d,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Journal of Consciousness Studies",
NUMBER="4-5",
PAGES="173-185",
TITLE="Language-reentrance and the \'Inner Voice\'",
VOLUME="10",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
Behavior-based robotics has always been inspired by earlier cybernetics work such as
that of Grey Walter. It emphasises that intelligence can be achieved without
the kinds of representations common in symbolic AI systems. The paper
argues that such representations might indeed not be needed for many aspects of
sensori-motor intelligence but become a crucial issue when bootstrapping to higher levels of
cognition. It proposes a scenario in the form of evolutionary language games
by which embodied agents develop situated grounded representations adapted to their needs
and the conventions emerging in the population.
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { steels:03e,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A",
MONTH="October",
NUMBER="1811",
PAGES="2381--2395",
TITLE="Intelligence with representation",
VOLUME="361",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { dejong:03a,
AUTHOR="De Jong, E.D. and Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Complex Systems",
NUMBER="4-5",
PAGES="315-334",
TITLE="A Distributed Learning Algorithm for Communication Development",
VOLUME="14",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { manuel:03a,
AUTHOR="Manuel, T.L.",
JOURNAL="IEEE Intelligent Systems",
MONTH="May/June",
NUMBER="3",
PAGES="59-61",
TITLE="Creating a Robot Culture: An Interview with Luc Steels",
VOLUME="18",
YEAR="2003",
}
Steels, L.
Social Language learning.
In Tokoro, M. and Steels, L., editor,
The Future of Learning,
pages 133-162,
IOS Press.
Amsterdam,
2003
2003
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inbook
Keywords: language learning, social bootstrapping
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@INBOOK { steels:03f,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="The Future of Learning",
CHAPTER="7",
EDITOR="Tokoro, M. and Steels, L.",
PAGES="133-162",
PUBLISHER="IOS Press",
TITLE="Social Language learning",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Recent years have been marked by the development of robotic pets or partners such
as small animals or humanoids. The interactions with them are very different from
those with traditional computers : instead of having human beings using robotic
conventions, robots should learn to communicate in a humanised fashion. In par-
ticular, they need to be able to express and recognize emotions. This can be done
in part using speech, which has the advantage to be computationally cheap and
practical to implement in real world robots. Nevertheless, research in this area is
still very young. We present here algorithms that allow a young robot to express its
emotions like babies do. They are very simple and eÆciently provide life-like speech
thanks to the use of concatenative speech synthesis. We describe a technique which
allows to control continuously both the age of a synthetic voice and the quantity of
emotions that are expressed. This is useful since personal robots may grow up and
have many degrees of emotions. Also, we present the first large-scale data mining
experiment about the automatic recognition basic emotions in unformal everyday
short utterances. We focus on the speaker dependant problem. We compare a large
set of machine learning algorithms, ranging from neural networks, Support Vector
Machines or decision trees, together with 200 features, using a large database of
several thousands examples. We show that the difference of performance among
learning schemes can be substantial, and that some features which were previously
unexplored are of crucial importance. An optimal feature set is derived through the
use of a genetic algorithm. Finally, we explain how this study can be applied to real
world situations in which possibly very few examples are available. Furthermore, we
describe a game to play with a personal robot which allows to teach it examples of
emotional utterances in a natural and rather unconstrained manner.
Type: article
Keywords: emotion, speech, robots, production, recognition
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@ARTICLE { oudeyerijhcs,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y.",
JOURNAL="International Journal of Human Computer Interaction",
NOTE="special issue on Affective Computing",
NUMBER="1-2",
PAGES="157--183",
TITLE="The production and recognition of emotions in speech: features and algorithms",
VOLUME="59",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Human vocalizations systems are complex. Vocalizations are digital and compositional: they are built with the re-combination of units which are systematically re-used. These units are present at several levels (e.g. the gestures, the coordination of gestures or phonemes, the morphemes). While the articulatory space which defines the space of physically possible gestures is continuous, each language discretizes this space in its own way. While there is a great diversity across the repertoires of these units in the world languages, there are also strong regularities (e.g. the frequency of the vowel system /i,e,a,o,u/).The way these units are combined is also very particular: 1) all the sequences of phonemes are not allowed in a given language; 2) the set of allowed sequences is organized into patterns. This organization in patterns means that for example, one can summarize the allowed phoneme combinations in Japanese by the pattern"CV": a syllable must be composed of two slots, and only a certain category of
phonemes that we call consonants can be used in the first slot, while only another
category of phonemes which we call vowels can be used in the second slot.
It is then natural to ask where this organization comes from. Two types of answers must be provided. The first type is a functional answer: it establishes the function of sound systems, and shows that human sound systems have an organization which makes them efficient for achieving this function. This has for example been proposed by Lindblom who showed that statistical regularities of vowel systems could be predicted by searching for the vowel systems with quasi-optimal perceptual distinctiveness. This type of answer is necessary, but not sufficient: it does not allow to explain how evolution (genetic or cultural) may have found these optimal structures. In particular, it is possible that "naive" darwinian search with random variations is not efficient enough for finding complex structures like those of speech: the search space is too big. This is why a second type of answer is necessary: we have to account for how natural selection may have found these structures. A possible way to do that is to show how self-organization can constrain the search space and help natural selection. This may be done by showing how a much simpler system can self-organize spontaneously and form the structure we want to explain.
We present an artificial system of this type. We use the method of the artificial, which consists in building a society of formal agents. The scientific logic is abductive. This does not allow to show directly what were the mechanisms which gave rise to human speech, but allows to know what types of mechanisms are plausible candidates. The building of this artificial system provides constraints to the space of possible theories, in particular by showing examples of mechanisms which are sufficient, and examples of mechanisms which are not necessary.
Technically, the artificial system is based on the coupling of generic sensory-motor
systems which are initially randomly wired. These neural devices are implemented
as the brain of artificial agents. We show how this system self-organizes so that
agents develop vocalizations systems shared by all members of a community, digital, compositional, and characterized by statistical regularities similar to those of human languages. We also show how these systems develop phonotactic rules and an organisation into patterns of the allowed phoneme combinations. Each rule system is shared by agents of a community, but different across communities.
The type of mechanism illustrated by this system appears to be a necessary complement to the functional explanation. Additionnally, it does not require the explicit presence of a functional pressure for efficient communication. It does not require any social pressure and the agents do not have any social capability. While nowadays speech codes are obviously influenced by the function of communication for which they are used, the simplicity of the system allows to propose a new hypothesis about the initial invention of shared vocalization systems: they might be self-organized collateral effects of certain cerebral structures which appeared in humans under the pressure of functions very different from communication. We develop this hypothesis by explaining what are these cerebral structures and what were their initial function.
Type: phdthesis
Keywords: origins of speech, self-organization, evolution, forms, artificial systems, agents, phonetics, phonology, exaptation
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@PHDTHESIS { oudeyer:03c,
AUTHOR="P-Y. Oudeyer",
SCHOOL="University Paris VI",
TITLE="L'auto-organisation de la parole",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Jean-Christophe Baillie, Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { steels:03h,
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Baillie, J.-C.",
JOURNAL="Robotics and Autonomous Systems",
NUMBER="2-3",
PAGES="163--173",
TITLE="Shared grounding of event descriptions by autonomous robots",
VOLUME="43",
YEAR="2003",
}
Kaplan, F.
Bootstrapping awareness.
In Dautenhan, K. and Nehaniv, C., editor,
Proceedings of Second International Symposium on Imitation in Animals and Artifacts,
2003
2003
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: imitation, aibo, self-developing robots
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:03b,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of Second International Symposium on Imitation in Animals and Artifacts",
EDITOR="Dautenhan, K. and Nehaniv, C.",
TITLE="Bootstrapping awareness",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { steels:03b,
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and J-C. Baillie",
JOURNAL="Trends in Cognitive Science",
MONTH="July",
NUMBER="7",
PAGES="308-312",
TITLE="Evolving grounded communication for robots",
VOLUME="7",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
How do humans (or other animals) acquire those cultural acoustic codes which are finite discrete repertoires
of vocalizations as well as categorization systems (e.g. vowel systems in humans) ? How do these acoustic
codes, shared by each speakers of a given language and possibly very different from one language to the other,
appeared? It has been proposed in the litterature (e.g. de Boer, 2000) that some form of non-trivial imitation
was the mechanism which gave a solution to both questions. We show in this paper that a much simpler
mechanism is able to account for the same phenomena. It is based on the self-organization of the coupling
between perception and production both within and across agents. The assumptions on which the mechanism
relies only deal with local properties of neural units as well as the ability to learn a mapping between two
modalities in an unsupervised manner. No social skills or functional pressures related to communication are
required. Yet, a structured discrete acoustic code shared by the society appears.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: origins of speech, imitation, self-organization
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:03d,
AUTHOR="P-Y. Oudeyer",
BOOKTITLE="proceedings of the Second International Conference on Imitation in Animals and Artefacts",
EDITOR="K. Dautenham and C. Nehaniv",
TITLE="The Social Formation of Acoustic Codes with 'Something Simpler'",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: article
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { oudeyer:03e,
AUTHOR="P-Y. Oudeyer and J-L. Koning",
JOURNAL="Cognitive Systems Research",
NUMBER="3",
PAGES="223--242",
TITLE="Formalization, implementation and validation of conversation policies using a protocol operational semantics",
VOLUME="4",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { steels:03g,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Vie Artificielle: Technique et sciences informatiques RSTI série TSI",
NUMBER="2",
PAGES="197--219",
TITLE="Linguistique évolutionaire et vie artificielle",
VOLUME="22",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: book
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { tokoro:03a,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
EDITOR="Tokoro, M. and Steels, L.",
PUBLISHER="IOS Press",
TITLE="The Future of Learning: Issues and Prospects",
YEAR="2003",
}
Sony CSL authors: Jean-Christophe Baillie
Abstract
We present a new segmentation algorithm based on probabilistic histograms and introduce certainty calculus and certainty color maps to solve the difficult problem o
f histogram separation. This new method is then compared to simple histogram and normalized histogram techniques. Using a set of experiments designed to measure the
quality of segmentation, we have shown that certainty color maps is a much more accurate approach than histograms, especially when histogram separation in necessary.
Type: misc
Keywords: histograms, certainty color maps, segmentation, computer vision
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@MISC { baillie:02b,
AUTHOR="Jean-Christophe Baillie",
MONTH="February",
SCHOOL="Université Paris VI",
TITLE="Certainty Color Maps Compared to Histograms",
YEAR="2002",
}
Kaplan, F., Oudeyer, P-Y., Kubinyi, E. and Miklosi, A.
Robotic clicker training.
Robotics and Autonomous Systems,
38(3-4):197-206,
2002
2002
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
In this paper we want to propose the idea that some techniques used for animal training might be helpful for solving human robot interaction problems in the context of entertainment robotics. We present a model for teaching complex actions to an animal-like autonomous robot based on "clicker training", a method used efficiently by professional trainers for animals of different species. After describing our implementation of clicker training on an enhanced version of AIBO, Sony's four-legged robot, we argue that this new method can be a promising technique for teaching unusual behavior and sequences of actions to a pet robot.
Type: article
Keywords: aibo, clicker training, actions, ethology
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@ARTICLE { kaplan:02b,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y. and Kubinyi, E. and Miklosi, A.",
JOURNAL="Robotics and Autonomous Systems",
NUMBER="3-4",
PAGES="197--206",
TITLE="Robotic clicker training",
VOLUME="38",
YEAR="2002",
}
Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.
Bootstrapping grounded word semantics.
In Briscoe, T., editor,
Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: formal and computational models,
pages 53-74,
Cambridge University Press.
Cambridge, UK,
2002
2002
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Luc Steels
Abstract
The paper reports on experiments with a population of visually grounded robotic agents capable of bootstrapping their own ontology and shared lexicon without prior design nor other forms of human intervention. The agents do so while playing a particular language game called the guessing game. We show that synonymy and ambiguity arise as emergent properties in the lexicon, due to the situated grounded character of the agent-environment interaction, but that there are also tendencies to dampen them so as to make the language more coherent and thus more optimal from the viewpoints of communicative success, cognitive complexity, and learnability.
Type: incollection
Keywords: grounding, semantics, language evolution, Talking Heads
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:99g,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, UK",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: formal and computational models",
EDITOR="Briscoe, T.",
PAGES="53--74",
PUBLISHER="Cambridge University Press",
TITLE="Bootstrapping grounded word semantics",
YEAR="2002",
}
Steels, L., Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A. and Van Looveren, J.
Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning.
In Wray, A., editor,
The Transition to Language,
pages 252-271,
Oxford University Press.
Oxford, UK,
2002
2002
Sony CSL authors: Joris Bleys, Frédéric Kaplan, Angus McIntyre, Luc Steels, Joris Van Looveren
Abstract
We have been conducting large-scale public experiments with artificial robotic agents to explore what the necessary and sufficient prerequisites are for word-meaning pairs to evolve autonomously in a population of agents through a self-organized process. We focus not so much on the question of why language has evolved but rather on how. Our hypothesis is that when agents engage in particular interactive behaviors which in turn require specific cognitive structures, they automatically arrive at a language system. We study this topic by performing experiments based on artificial systems. One such experiment, known as the Talking Heads Experiment, employs a set of visually grounded autonomous robots into which agents can install themselves to play language games with each other.
Type: incollection
Keywords: evolutionary linguistics, Talking Heads, language evolution
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:01a,
ADDRESS="Oxford, UK",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. and McIntyre, A. and Van Looveren, J.",
BOOKTITLE="The Transition to Language",
CHAPTER="12",
EDITOR="Wray, A.",
PAGES="252--271",
PUBLISHER="Oxford University Press",
TITLE="Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning",
YEAR="2002",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Human sound systems are invariably phone-
mically coded. Furthermore, phoneme invento-
ries follow very particular tendancies. To ex-
plain these phenomena, there existed so far three
kinds of approaches : Chomskyan"/cognitive
innatism, morpho-perceptual innatism and the
more recent approach of language as a com-
plex cultural system which adapts under the pres-
sure of eÆcient communication". The two first
approaches are clearly not satisfying, while the
third, even if much more convincing, makes a
lot of speculative assumptions and did not really
bring answers to the question of phonemic cod-
ing. We propose here a new hypothesis based
on a low-level model of sensory-motor interac-
tions. We show that certain very simple and non
language-specific neural devices allow a popula-
tion of agents to build signalling systems without
any functional pressure. Moreover, these systems
are phonemically coded. Using a realistic vowel
articulatory synthesizer, we show that the inven-
tories of vowels have striking similarities with hu-
man vowel systems.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: phonemic, coding, sensory-motor, coupling, dynamics
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@INPROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:02a,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior",
EDITOR="B. Hallam, D. Floreano, J. Hallam, G. Hayes, J-A. Meyer",
PAGES="406-416",
PUBLISHER="MIT Press",
TITLE="Phonemic coding might be a result of sensory-motor coupling dynamics",
YEAR="2002",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Recent years have been marked by the development of robotic
pets or partners such as small animals or humanoids. People
interact with them using natural human social cues, in particu
lar emotional expressions. It is crucial that robot can detect the
emotional information contained in speech using only prosodic
features, since this is often the only information that they can
measure. We present here the first large scale experiment in
which a large feature set space and a large machine learning al
gorithm space are searched concurrently. We describe new fea
tures which prove to be much more efficient than the traditional
features used in the litterature.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: emotions, speech, recognition
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@INPROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:02c,
ADDRESS="Aix-en-Provence, France",
AUTHOR="Oudeyer P-Y",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Prosody",
EDITOR="Bel",
PAGES="547-550",
TITLE="Novel Useful Features and Algorithms for the Recognition of Emotions in Speech",
YEAR="2002",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Human sound systems are invariably phonemically
coded, which means that there are parts of syl-
lables that are re-used in other syllables. It is
one of the most primitive compositional system in
language. To explain this phenomenon, there ex-
isted so far three kinds of approaches : Chom-
skyan"/cognitive innatism, morpho-perceptual in-
natism and the more recent approach of language
as a complex cultural system which adapts under
the pressure of efficient communication". We pro-
posed in (Oudeyer 2002) a new hypothesis based
on a low-level model of sensory-motor interactions,
characterized by the absence of functional pressure
and the use of very generic neural devices. This
paper presents a united model of the origins of syl-
lable systems which does allow a comparison of the
different hypothesis on the same ground. We show
that our hypothesis is the only one to be suÆcient,
and that all others are not necesary. Moreover, the
model we present the first that shows how a popula-
tion of agents can build culturally a complex sound
systems without the assumption that they already
share a phonemic repertoire.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: origins, syllables, phonemically
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@INPROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:02d,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society",
EDITOR="Laurence Erlbaum Associates",
TITLE="A Unified Model for the Origins of Phonemically Coded Syllables Systems",
YEAR="2002",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Recent years have been marked by the increasing develop
ment of personal robots such as small pets or humanoids, of
ten having young and cartoon like personalities. A key feature
they currently lack is the ability to speak in a emotional lifelike
manner. We present here a technology that makes this possible
by using concatenative speech synthesis.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: cartoon, emotion, speech
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@INPROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:02e,
ADDRESS="Aix-en-Provence",
AUTHOR="Oudeyer P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Prosody",
EDITOR="Bel",
TITLE="The Synthesis of Cartoon Emotional Speech",
YEAR="2002",
}
Kaplan, F.
Construction sociale du sens.
In Guillot, A. and Dauce,E., editor,
Approche dynamique de la cognition,
Traite des sciences cognitives,
pages 201-217,
Hermes Science Publications.
2002
2002
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Type: incollection
Keywords: aibo, social construction of meaning, social construction of meaning, collective dynamics, robots
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@INCOLLECTION { kaplan:02c,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Approche dynamique de la cognition",
EDITOR="Guillot, A. and Dauce,E.",
PAGES="201--217",
PUBLISHER="Hermes Science Publications",
SERIES="Traite des sciences cognitives",
TITLE="Construction sociale du sens",
YEAR="2002",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:02b,
ADDRESS="Zurich",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the International Workshop of Self-Organization and Evolution of Social Behaviour",
EDITOR="Hemelrijk, C. and Bonabeau, E.",
PUBLISHER="University of Zurich",
TITLE="Iterated Learning versus Language Games. Two models for cultural language evolution",
YEAR="2002",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:02c,
ADDRESS="Harvard University",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Presented at the 4th International Conference on the Evolution of Language",
TITLE="Simulating the Evolution of a Grammar for Case",
YEAR="2002",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { steels:02d,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="IEE Intelligent Systems",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="83--85",
TITLE="Emergent Semantics",
VOLUME="17",
YEAR="2002",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
Since 1999, more than 100 000 families – most Japanese - have become the happy owners of an Aibo dog. This quadruped robot was designed to share their social existence, in somewhat the same way as any pet. It took nearly six years to design the robot’s visual, tactile and auditory sensors, and to fine-tune its software and hardware architectures.
Type: article
Keywords: aibo, learning, autonomy
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { kaplan:02a,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Fujita, M. and Doi, T.",
JOURNAL="La recherche 350 : special issue Les Nouveaux Robots",
MONTH="February",
PAGES="84--86",
TITLE="Dans les entrailles du chien AIBO",
YEAR="2002",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { steels:02e,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="La Recherche: Les nouveaux robots",
PAGES="72--76",
TITLE="Mieux comprendre les hommes",
VOLUME="350",
YEAR="2002",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:01j,
ADDRESS="Piscataway, NY",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots",
PAGES="335--342",
PUBLISHER="IEEE Press",
TITLE="Social learning and verbal communication with humanoid robots",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:01i,
ADDRESS="Menlo Park, CA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Learning grounded representations: Papers from the 2001 AAAI Spring Symposium",
EDITOR="Cohen, P.R. and Oates, T.",
PAGES="80--83",
PUBLISHER="AAAI Press",
TITLE="The role of language in learning grounded representations",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:01h,
ADDRESS="London",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Simulating the evolution of language",
EDITOR="Cangelosi, A. and Parisi, D.",
PAGES="211--226",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
TITLE="Grounding symbols through evolutionary language games",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Many models, computational or not, exist that describe the acquisition of speech:
they all rely on the pre-existence of some sort of linguistic structure in the input, i.e. speech itself.
Very few address the question of how this coherence and structure
appeared. We try here to give a solution concerning syllable systems.
We propose an operational model that shows how a society of robotic agents, endowed
with a set of non-linguistically specific motor, perceptual, cognitive and social
constraints (some of them are obstacles whereas others are opportunities),
can collectively build a coherent and structured syllable
system from scratch. As opposed to many existing abstract models of the origins of
language, as few shortcuts as possible were taken in the way the constraints are implemented.
The structural properties of the produced sound systems are extensively studied
under the light of phonetics and phonology and more broadly language theory.
The model brings more plausibility in favor of theories of language that defend the idea
that there needs no innate linguistic specific abilities to explain observed
regularities in world languages.
Type: proceedings
Keywords: origins of languages, sound systems, sound systems, adaptation, embodiment, embodiment, communication
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@PROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:01b,
SERIES="to appear in proceedings of the International Conference on Cognitive science, COGSCI\'2001, Edinburgh, Scotland.",
TITLE="The Origins Of Syllable Systems : an Operational Model",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: ethology, clicker training, aibo, actions
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:01e,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of Sony Research Forum 2001",
TITLE="A method for teaching actions to an autonomous robot",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: humanoid, attachment, aibo, ainsworth, imprinting
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:01f,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of Humanoids 2001 : IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots",
EDITOR="Hashimoto, S.",
PAGES="125--132",
TITLE="Artificial Attachment : Will a robot ever pass Ainsworth s Strange Situation Test ?",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
In this paper we present a system for representing protocols called POS which has universal power and determines a complete semantics of protocols. This work is inspired by the Structured Operational Semantics of programming languages. We precisely define POSand illustrate its power on an extended example.
Type: article
Keywords: interaction protocols, operational semantics, operational semantics, collaboration, ACL, ACL
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@ARTICLE { oudeyer:00c,
AUTHOR="Koning, J-L. and Oudeyer, P-Y.",
JOURNAL="International Journal of Cooperative Information System - Special Issue on Information Agents: Theory and Applications",
TITLE="Introduction to POS: A Protocol Operational Semantics",
VOLUME="2",
YEAR="2001",
}
Kaplan, F., Oudeyer, P-Y., Kubinyi, E. and Miklosi, A.
Taming robots with clicker training : a solution for teaching complex behaviors.
In Quoy, M. and Gaussier, P. and Wyatt, J. L., editor,
Proceedings of the 9th European workshop on learning robots,
LNAI,
2001
Springer.
2001
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
In this paper we want to propose the idea that some
techniques used for animal training might be helpful for solving human
robot interaction problems in the context of entertainment robotics.
We present a model for teaching complex actions to an animal-like
autonomous robot based on "clicker training", a method used
efficiently by professional trainers for animals of different species.
After describing our implementation of clicker training on an enhanced
version of AIBO, Sony's four-legged robot, we argue that this new
method can be a promising technique for teaching unusual behavior and
sequences of actions to a pet robot.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: aibo, training, learning, clicker, actions, robot
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:01c,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y. and Kubinyi, E. and Miklosi, A.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 9th European workshop on learning robots",
EDITOR="Quoy, M. and Gaussier, P. and Wyatt, J. L.",
PUBLISHER="Springer",
SERIES="LNAI",
TITLE="Taming robots with clicker training : a solution for teaching complex behaviors",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
Les robots de compagnie ne sont plus les esclaves dociles que nous avons connus au XXe siècle. Ce sont des machines apparemment inutiles, sans autre fonction que d'établir une relation avec leur propriétaire. Les ingénieurs les construisent pour qu'ils deviennent des compagnons, voir des amis. Pourrions-nous vraiment éprouver de l'attachement pour ces créatures artificielles? Annonciateur d'une nouvelle manière de voir le monde ou simple dérive pathologique de notre société, quels dangers ces robots "en quête d'affection" représentent-ils ?
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: robot, toy, attachment, aibo
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:01a,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="L'Art, la pens\'{e}e, les \'{e}motions",
EDITOR="Orlarey, Y.",
PAGES="99--106",
PUBLISHER="Grame",
TITLE="Un robot peut-il \^{e}tre notre ami ?",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
A unified connectionist model of the perceptual magnet effect (the perceptual
warping of vowels) is proposed, and relies on the concept of population coding in neural maps.
Unlike what has been often stated, we claim that the imprecision of the classical ``sum of vectors''
coding/decoding scheme is not a drawback
and can account for psychological observations. Furthermore, we show that coupling
these neural maps allows the formation of vowel systems, which are shared symbolic systems,
from initially continuous and uniform perception and production. This has important consequences
for existing theories of phonetics.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: phonetics, self-organization, origins of language, population code, magnet effect, categorical perception
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@INPROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:01e,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, Pierre-yves",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of ICANN 2001, International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Vienna, Austria, LNCS, springer verlag",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
SERIES="Lectures Notes in Computer Science",
TITLE="Coupled Neural Maps for the Origins of Vowel Systems",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
A computational model of the origins of syllables systems is presented : a society of robotic agents endowed with realistic motor, perceptual and cognitive apparati is shown to build from scratch shared syllable systems in a decentralized manner. Furthermore, these systems share many structural properties with those of human languages
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: phonology, origins of language, multi-agent simulation, universal tendencies, imitation
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@INPROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:01f,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, Pierre-yves",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of ORAGE 2001, Orality and Gestuality conference, Aix-en-Provence, France,",
TITLE="The Epigenesis of syllable Systems : a computational model",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
Comment des robots pourraient-ils créer leur propre langue ? Ce livre répond à cette question en montrant par quels mécanismes des machines peuvent effectivement sáccorder sur le sens des mots quélles utilisent. Lors dúne expérience internationale, des robots ont tenté de construire un vocabulaire simple pour communiquer à propos dóbjets quíls percevaient visuellement. Progressivement, ils sont accordés sur les bases dúne langue nouvelle.
Type: book
Keywords: robot, language, grounding, talking heads, lexicon, tetes parlantes, evolution, communication, ancrage, grounding
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@BOOK { kaplan:01b,
ADDRESS="Paris",
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
PUBLISHER="Hermes Science",
TITLE="La naissance d'une langue chez les robots",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: incollection
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@INCOLLECTION { oudeyer:01c,
AUTHOR="P-Y. Oudeyer",
BOOKTITLE="Artificial Evolution",
EDITOR="P. Collet and C. Fonlupt and J.K. Hao and E. Lutton and M. Schonenauer",
PAGES="143--155",
PUBLISHER="Springer Verlag",
SERIES="Lectures Notes in Computer Science",
TITLE="Origins and Learnability of Syllable Systems, a Cultural Evolutionary",
VOLUME="2310",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { steels:01c,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="IEEE Intelligent Systems",
MONTH="October",
NUMBER="5",
PAGES="16-22",
TITLE="Language Games for Autonomous Robots",
VOLUME="16",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
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@ARTICLE { steels:01d,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Behavioral and brain sciences",
NUMBER="6",
PAGES="1077-1078",
TITLE="The methodology of the artificial",
VOLUME="24",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Robot builders have been largely inspired by studies on animal behaviors when they had to define control architectures. At the same time, robot-based research has also enabled to introduce a new methodology for biology. The recent years were characterised by the expansion of animal-like autonomous robots. Interactions with these new robots are likely to be one of the crucial research topics for engineers in the next few years. We want to convey the idea that some techniques used for animal training might be helpful for solving human robot interaction problems and that designing robot-based models can also give interesting insights for ethological studies.
We have built a model for teaching complex actions to an animal-like autonomous robot based on "clicker training", a method used efficiently by professional trainers on a large variety of animals. Based on our implemenation on an enhanced version of AIBO, Sonyś four-legged robot, we argue that this new method can be a promising technique for teaching a robot unusual behaviors and sequences of actions. By comparing the results obtained with this first prototype with ethological studies of clicker training sessions with real dogs, we can assert the achievements and the limitations of this model.
Type: article
Keywords: clicker training, aibo, ethology, actions
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { kaplan:01d,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y. and Kubinyi, E. and Miklosi, A.",
JOURNAL="Advances in Ethology (Supplements to Ethology)",
TITLE="Clicker training sessions with an animal-like robot",
VOLUME="36",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels:01b,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Presented at the workshop on Social Robotics, Spain",
MONTH="July",
TITLE="Social learning and language acquisition",
YEAR="2001",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: aibo, language games, social learning
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@ARTICLE { steels:02a,
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.",
JOURNAL="Evolution of Communication",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="3--32",
TITLE="AIBO's first words: The social learning of language and meaning",
VOLUME="4",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Luc Steels
Abstract
Lorsqu'un Français dit "rouge", nous le comprenons. Pourtant nous ne serons jamais capables de voir par ses yeux. Nous ne serons jamais capable de savoir ce que ce mot veut vraiment dire pour lui. Un mot peut être apparemment compris par tous sans que, pour autant, nous ne puissions le définir exactement. Nous nous bornons à constater que derrière le mot "rouge" se cache une notion apparemment commune, suffisamment partagée pour qu'en pratique nous nous comprenions.
Comment une catégorie sensorielle comme rouge, qui par essence est indéfinissable, peut-elle être partagée ? Si elle est innée, cela ne pose, bien sûr pas de problème. Si par contre elle est d'une manière ou d'une autre construite, il nous faut expliquer par quel processus des catégories potentiellement diffèrentes entre les personnes deviennent des notions partagèes.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: evolution, categorisation, grounding
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:00f,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Journ\'{e}e ARC Evolution et Cognition",
EDITOR="Dessalles, J-L.",
MONTH="December",
PAGES="13--18",
PUBLISHER="ENST Paris, ENST 2000-S-004",
TITLE="Comment les robots construisent leur monde : Experiences sur la convergence des cat\'{e}gories sensorielles",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
We will argue in this paper that the
success of the existing artificial pets relies on some clever design principles. Among these principles is the fact that they are useless
in the sense that they do not perform any service task. We will then discuss why we should follow this 'uselessness principle' when we
design artificial pets that are able to learn and adapt themselves.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: aibo, artificial pets, edutainment, robotics
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:00e,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 1st Edutainment Robotics Workshop",
EDITOR="Christaller, T. and Indiveri, G. and Poigne, A.",
MONTH="September",
ORGANIZATION="GMD-AiS",
TITLE="Free creatures: The role of uselessness in the design of artificial pets",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
The aim of the 'Talking AIBO' project is to build a system enabling the AIBO, Sony's autonomous four-legged robot, to learn how to interact
with humans using real words. We review in this article an experiment in which the robot builds a vocabulary concerning the objects it perceives visually. We discuss the results of this first
prototype and the difficulties we have encountered.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: aibo, lexicon, categorization, situated interactions, semantics
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:00d,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Learning to Behave: Interacting agents CELE-TWENTE Workshop on Language Technology",
EDITOR="Nijholt, A. and Heylen, D. and Jokinen, K.",
MONTH="October",
PAGES="57--63",
TITLE="Talking AIBO : First experimentation of verbal interactions with an autonomous four-legged robot",
YEAR="2000",
}
Steels, Luc
Language as a Complex Adaptive System.
In Schoenauer, M. and Deb, K. and Rudolph, G. and Yao, X. and Lutton, E. and Merelo, J.J. and Schwefel, H-P., editor,
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature,
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (
vol. 1917),
pages 17-26,
Berlin,
September
2000
Springer-Verlag.
2000
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
The paper surveys recent work on modeling the origins of communication systems in groups of autonomous distributed agents. It is shown that five principles gleaned from biology are crucial: reinforcement learning, self-organisation, selectionism, co-evolution through structural coupling, and level formation.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: level formation, coupling, language evolution, complex adaptive systems
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:00f,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, Luc",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature",
EDITOR="Schoenauer, M. and Deb, K. and Rudolph, G. and Yao, X. and Lutton, E. and Merelo, J.J. and Schwefel, H-P.",
MONTH="September",
PAGES="17-26",
PUBLISHER="Springer-Verlag",
SERIES="Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
TITLE="Language as a Complex Adaptive System",
VOLUME="1917",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: aibo, grounding, categorisation
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:00c,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Oudeyer, P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of Sony Research Forum 2000",
TITLE="From Talking AIBO to Talking Head: Morphing sensory spaces between two robotic bodies",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
Over the past five years, the topic of the origins of language is gaining prominence as one of the big unresolved questions of cognitive science. Artificial Intelligence can make a major contribution to this problem by working out precise, testable models using grounded robotic agents which interact with a real world environment and communicate among themselves or with humans about this environment. A potential side effect op this basic research are new technologies for man-machine interaction based on the negotiation of shared conventions.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: grammar, language evolution, robotics, communication
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:00e,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, Luc",
BOOKTITLE="ECAI 2000: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial Life",
EDITOR="Horn, W.",
MONTH="August",
PAGES="764--769",
PUBLISHER="IOS Publishing",
TITLE="The Emergence of Grammar in Communicating Autonomous Robotic Agents",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Straightforward approaches to team coordination with the expressive power of finite state automata are doomed to fail under a wide range of heterogeneity due to the combinatorial explosion of states. In this paper we propose a coordination scheme based on operational
semantics, which allows an extremely compact and modular way of specifying soccer-robot team behaviors. The capabilities of our approach are demonstrated on two examples, which, though just being simple demo implementations, perform very well in a simulator tournament.
Type: article
Keywords: protocols, operational semantics, multi-agent systems, coordination, conversation policies, conversation policies, conversation policies
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@ARTICLE { oudeyer:00b,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y. and Koning, J-L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of ASAIMA 2000",
JOURNAL="Agent systems, Mobile Agents and Applications, Lectures Notes in Computer Science, 1882, Springer.",
NUMBER="1882",
PAGES="249-261",
PUBLISHER="Springer-Verlag",
TITLE="Modeling soccer-robots strategies through conversation policies",
YEAR="2000",
}
Steels, L.
A brain for language.
Proceedings of the 3rd Sony CSL Paris Symposium: The ecological brain,
Paris,
2000
2000
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: semantics, grounding, evolutionary linguistics, Talking Heads, syntax
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:00d,
ADDRESS="Paris",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 3rd Sony CSL Paris Symposium: The ecological brain",
TITLE="A brain for language",
YEAR="2000",
}
Steels, L., Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A. and van Looveren, J.
Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning.
In Dessalles, J-L. and Ghadakpour, L., editor,
Proceedings of The 3rd Evolution of Language Conference,
pages 214-217,
Paris,
2000
ENST 2000 S 002.
2000
Sony CSL authors: Joris Bleys, Frédéric Kaplan, Angus McIntyre, Luc Steels, Joris Van Looveren
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: semantics, grounding, evolutionary linguistics, Talking Heads, meaning, categorization
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:00a,
ADDRESS="Paris",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Kaplan, F. and McIntyre, A. and van Looveren, J.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of The 3rd Evolution of Language Conference",
EDITOR="Dessalles, J-L. and Ghadakpour, L.",
PAGES="214--217",
PUBLISHER="ENST 2000 S 002",
TITLE="Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: misc
BibTeX entry
@MISC { oudeyer:00a,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y.",
NOTE="submitted for publication",
TITLE="Cultural emergence of realistic sound communication systems with simple cognitive abilities",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: semantics, grounding, evolutionary linguistics, Talking Heads
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@ARTICLE { steels:00c,
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.",
JOURNAL="Revue du Palais de la D\'ecouverte",
MONTH="May",
PAGES="63--67",
TITLE="Origine et \'evolution du langage : exp\'eriences robotiques",
VOLUME="278",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Jelle Zuidema
Type: misc
BibTeX entry
@MISC { zuidema:00a,
AUTHOR="Zuidema, W.H. and Hogeweg, P.",
NOTE="submitted",
TITLE="It takes two to talk: the relevance of the social aspect of language for modeling its evolution",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer, Luc Steels
Abstract
The paper reports on an experiment in which a group
of autonomous agents self-organises through
cultural evolution constraints
on the combination of the individual sounds (phonemes)
in their repertoires.
We use a selectionist approach whereby a repertoire
evolves by mutations of patterns, constrained by functional
pressures from perception and production and the
need to conform to the group.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: evolutionary linguistics, phonology, syntactic constraints, agents, agents, embodiment
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:00b,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Oudeyer, P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Artificial Life VII: Proceedings of the seventh International Conference on Artificial Life",
JOURNAL="Proceedings of the VIIth Artificial life conference (Alife 7), MIT Press",
PAGES="382--394",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="The cultural evolution of syntactic constraints in phonology",
YEAR="2000",
}
Kaplan, F.
Semiotic schemata: Selection units for linguistic cultural evolution.
In Bedau, M and McCaskill, J. and Packard, N. and Rasmussen, S., editor,
Proceedings of Artificial Life VII,
pages 372-381,
Cambridge, MA,
2000
The MIT Press.
2000
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
Words, like genes, are replicators in competition to colonize our
brains. Some, by luck or thanks to their intrinsic qualities, manage to
spread in entire populations. In this paper we take the approach of cultural selectionism to
study the emergence of communication systems in a population of agents.
By studying simple models of word competition in noisy environments, we
define the basic dynamics of such systems. We then argue for their
generality and introduce the notion of semiotic schemata, generic
replicators that account for the different competitions that are going
on during lexicon formation. Eventually, we present a synthesis of the dynamics using this new
formalism.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: cultural evolution, evolutionary linguistics, artificial life, semiotics
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:00b,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of Artificial Life VII",
EDITOR="Bedau, M and McCaskill, J. and Packard, N. and Rasmussen, S.",
PAGES="372--381",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="Semiotic schemata: Selection units for linguistic cultural evolution",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Abstract
L'objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre les mécanismes qui
permettent l'amorçage d'un phénomène culturel, en l'occurrence l'émergence
d'un lexique au sein d'une population d'agents artificiels. Ces agents
sont soumis à des contraintes de réalisme fortes. Ils ne peuvent
communiquer entre eux que par mots ou par gestes et, à leur création, ils
ne connaissent ni mot ni catégorie. Comment de tels agents peuvent-ils
construire collectivement un lexique pour désigner des objets du monde réel
? Comment les mots de ce lexique peuvent-ils correspondre à des sens
partagés alors que les différents agents ne perçoivent ni ne catégorisent
le monde de la même façon ?
Notre approche consiste à étudier expérimentalement une succession de
modèles de complexité croissante. Dans les plus simples, les agents
artificiels se réduisent essentiellement à une mémoire associative et les
objets de l'environnement à un ensemble de symboles. Dans les plus
complexes, les agents sont des robots dotés de capacités visuelles qui
interagissent à propos de leur perception du monde réel. A chaque étape,
nous identifions les dynamiques collectives qui permettent
l'auto-organisation du lexique. Nous montrons comment ce lexique peut être
transmis de génération en génération, comment il se modifie, comment il
s'affine et devient toujours plus adapté pour décrire l'environnement réel
ou virtuel auquel les agents sont confrontés. Nous montrons comment la
structure de ce lexique se régularise et se simplifie pour devenir plus
facile à apprendre, plus facile à transmettre.
L'enjeu de cette recherche est double. Dans une perspective linguistique,
l'étude des dynamiques collectives conduisant à l'apparition d'un lexique
dans une population d'agents artificiels peut fournir des hypothèses
pertinentes pour comprendre les phénomènes en jeu dans l'évolution des
langues naturelles et dans l'origine du langage humain. Dans une
perspective d'ingénierie, l'étude de ces mêmes dynamiques ouvre la voie à
de nouvelles techniques pour la communication homme-machine et annonce
peut-être la robotique de demain.
Type: phdthesis
Keywords: agents, simulation, evolutionary linguistics, language games, self-organization
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@PHDTHESIS { kaplan:00a,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
SCHOOL="LIP6 - Universit\'e Paris VI",
TITLE="L'\'emergence d'un lexique dans une population d'agents autonomes",
TYPE="These de doctorat",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Abstract
Linguistics must again concentrate
on the evolutionary nature of language, so that language
models are more realistic with respect to human natural
languages and have a greater explanatory force. Multi-agent
systems are proposed as a possible route to develop
such evolutionary models and an example is given of
a concrete experiment in the origins and evolution of
word-meaning based on a multi-agent approach.
Type: article
Keywords: evolutionary linguistics, word-meaning, Talking Heads
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@ARTICLE { steels:99f,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Kognitionswissenschaft",
NUMBER="4",
PAGES="143-150",
TITLE="The puzzle of language evolution",
VOLUME="8",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: article
Keywords: agents, interaction protocols, operational semantics, collaboration, protocol verification, protocol verification
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { oudeyer:00e,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves and Koning, J-l.",
JOURNAL="Proceedings of the Conference on Communications in Computing, (CIC\\\'2000), Las Vegas, Nevada.",
TITLE="Modeling conversation policies using POS",
YEAR="2000",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
BibTeX entry
@INCOLLECTION { steels:00h,
ADDRESS="Köln",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Weltwissen Wissenwelt: Das globale Netz von Text und Bild",
EDITOR="Maar, Ch. and Obrist, H.U. and Pöpel, E.",
PAGES="175--184",
PUBLISHER="Dumont-Verlag",
TITLE="Kognitive Roboter und Teleportation: Artefacte reagieren auf ihre Umwelt und erfinden sich eine Sprache",
YEAR="2000",
}
Kaplan, F.
La dérive naturelle du lexique.
In Vivorsci, B., editor,
Actes du IIIe Colloque des Jenes Chercheurs en Sciences Cognitives: Interdisciplinarité et cognition. Les multiples approches,
pages 122-128,
Soulac,
1999
1999
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: multi-agent systems, lexicon, simulation, language games, evolutionary linguistics, naming games, agents
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:99b,
ADDRESS="Soulac",
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Actes du IIIe Colloque des Jenes Chercheurs en Sciences Cognitives: Interdisciplinarit\'e et cognition. Les multiples approches",
EDITOR="Vivorsci, B.",
PAGES="122--128",
TITLE="La d\'erive naturelle du lexique",
YEAR="1999",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: simulation, evolutionary linguistics
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:99a,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Conflits des interpr\'etations et interpr\'etation des conflits. Journ\'ees de Rochebrune 1999: Rencontres interdisciplinaires s",
MONTH="Janvier",
PAGES="155--168",
PUBLISHER="ENST 99 S 001",
TITLE="La simulation pour alimenter et organiser le d\'ebat sur l'origine du langage humain",
YEAR="1999",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Angus McIntyre, Luc Steels
Abstract
The Talking Heads experiment currently being conducted at Sony CSL Paris implements a network of mobile cognitive agents. Each node consists of a workstation with two cameras through which the agents can perceive the world. When embodied on a node, agents construct classifications of what they 'see' through the cameras and interact to develop a simple language for communicating their representations to each other. Agents travel between nodes via the Internet, using standard communications protocols.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: teleportation, multi-agent systems, agents, Talking Heads
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@INPROCEEDINGS { mcintyre:99a,
ADDRESS="Tokyo",
AUTHOR="McIntyre, A. and Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of Sony Research Forum 1999",
TITLE="Net-mobile embodied agents",
YEAR="1999",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
Keywords: self-organization, evolutionary linguistics, language games
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:99x,
ADDRESS="Oxford",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Machine Intelligence 15",
EDITOR="Muggleton, S.",
PAGES="205--224",
PUBLISHER="Oxford University Press",
TITLE="The Spontaneous Self-organization of an Adaptive Language",
YEAR="1999",
}
Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.
Collective learning and semiotic dynamics.
In Floreano, D. and Nicoud, J-D and Mondada, F., editor,
Advances in Artificial Life: 5th European Conference (ECAL 99),
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1674,
pages 679-688,
Berlin,
1999
Springer-Verlag.
1999
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: semantics, grounding, evolutionary linguistics, Talking Heads, semiotics
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steelskaplan:99b,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Advances in Artificial Life: 5th European Conference (ECAL 99)",
EDITOR="Floreano, D. and Nicoud, J-D and Mondada, F.",
PAGES="679--688",
PUBLISHER="Springer-Verlag",
SERIES="Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1674",
TITLE="Collective learning and semiotic dynamics",
YEAR="1999",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: book
Keywords: semantics, grounding, evolutionary linguistics, Talking Heads
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { steels:99e,
ADDRESS="Antwerpen",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
HOWPUBLISHED="Special pre-edition for LABORATORIUM",
PUBLISHER="Laboratorium",
TITLE="The Talking Heads Experiment. Volume 1. Words and Meanings",
YEAR="1999",
}
Sony CSL authors: Angus McIntyre, Luc Steels
Abstract
The paper investigates the dynamical properties of spatially distributed naming games. Naming games are interactions between two agents, a speaker and a hearer, in which the speaker identifies an object using a name. Adaptive naming games imply that speaker and hearer update their lexicons to become better in future games. By engaging in adaptive naming games, a coherent shared vocabulary arises through self-organisation in a population of distributed agents. When the agents are spatially distributed, diversity can be shown to arise, and changes in population contact lead to language changes.
Type: article
Keywords: language contact, language games, naming games, simulation, Babel, agents, evolutionary linguistics
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@ARTICLE { steels:97f,
ADDRESS="Paris",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and McIntyre, A.",
JOURNAL="Advances in complex systems",
MONTH="January",
NUMBER="4",
PAGES="301--323",
PUBLISHER="Herm`es",
TITLE="Spatially Distributed Naming Games",
VOLUME="1",
YEAR="1999",
}
Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.
Amorçage d'une sémantique lexicale dans une population d'agents autonomes, ancrés et situés.
In Amsili, P., editor,
Traitement automatique du langage naturel 1999,
pages 393-398,
Cargèse, Corse,
1999
1999
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: semantics, grounding, evolutionary linguistics, Talking Heads
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steelskaplan:99a,
ADDRESS="Carg\`ese, Corse",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Traitement automatique du langage naturel 1999",
EDITOR="Amsili, P.",
PAGES="393--398",
TITLE="Amor\c{c}age d'une s\'emantique lexicale dans une population d'agents autonomes, ancr\'es et situ\'es",
YEAR="1999",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Type: article
Keywords: multi-agent systems, simulation, language games, evolutionary linguistics, naming games, agents, lexicon
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@ARTICLE { kaplan:99c,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
JOURNAL="In Cognito : Revue internationale francophone en Sciences Cognitives",
PAGES="3--23",
TITLE="Dynamiques de l'auto-organisation lexicale: simulations multi-agents et T\^etes parlantes",
VOLUME="15",
YEAR="1999",
}
Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.
Situated Grounded Word Semantics.
In Dean, T., editor,
Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence IJCAI 99,
vol. 2,
pages 862-867,
San Francisco,
1999
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
1999
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: semantics, grounding, evolutionary linguistics, Talking Heads
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:99c,
ADDRESS="San Francisco",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence IJCAI 99",
EDITOR="Dean, T.",
PAGES="862-867",
PUBLISHER="Morgan Kaufmann Publishers",
TITLE="Situated Grounded Word Semantics",
VOLUME="2",
YEAR="1999",
}
Steels, L.
How language bootstraps cognition.
In Wachsmutt, I. and Jung, B., editor,
KogWis '99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft,
pages 1-3,
Braunschweig,
1999
Infix.
1999
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:99a,
ADDRESS="Braunschweig",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="KogWis \'99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft",
EDITOR="Wachsmutt, I. and Jung, B.",
PAGES="1--3",
PUBLISHER="Infix",
TITLE="How language bootstraps cognition",
YEAR="1999",
}
Oudeyer, P-Y.
Self-organisation of a lexicon in a structured society of agents.
In Floreano, D. and Nicoud, J-D and Mondada, F., editor,
Advances in Artificial Life (ECAL 99),
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1674,
pages 726-729,
Berlin,
1999
Springer-Verlag.
1999
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Abstract
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: self-organization, agents, simulation, multi-agent systems, lexicon, evolutionary linguistics
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { oudeyer:99a,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y.",
BOOKTITLE="Advances in Artificial Life (ECAL 99)",
EDITOR="Floreano, D. and Nicoud, J-D and Mondada, F.",
PAGES="726--729",
PUBLISHER="Springer-Verlag",
SERIES="Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1674",
TITLE="Self-organisation of a lexicon in a structured society of agents",
YEAR="1999",
}
Sony CSL authors: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Type: misc
Keywords: self-organization, language games, phonetics, evolutionary linguistics
BibTeX entry
@MISC { oudeyer:99b,
AUTHOR="Oudeyer, P-Y.",
HOWPUBLISHED="Rapport de stage de deuxième année, Magistère informatique et mo",
TITLE="Experiment in emergent phonetics",
YEAR="1999",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: book
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { steels l.:99a,
AUTHOR="steels L.",
PUBLISHER="laboratorium",
TITLE="the talking heads experiment",
YEAR="1999",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Angus McIntyre, Luc Steels
Abstract
Our research aims to provide a means for independent entities to autonomously develop a set of shared conventions which will allow them to communicate with each other. The communication system thus developed needs to be efficient, robust, learnable and tolerant of noise occurring at all stages in the communication process. This paper proposes a system based on repeated interactions, coupled with learning procedures that allows shared communication systems to be developed even in the presence of noise.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: multi-agent systems, simulation, language games, evolutionary linguistics, naming games, agents
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:98e,
ADDRESS="Tokyo",
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and Steels, L. and McIntyre, A.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of Sony Research Forum 1998",
TITLE="An architecture for evolving robust shared communication systems in noisy environments",
YEAR="1998",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: multi-agent systems, simulation, language games, evolutionary linguistics, naming games, agents
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:98d,
ADDRESS="Paris",
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Syst\`emes multi-agents: de l'interaction \`a la socialit\'e (JFIADSMA98)",
EDITOR="Barth\`es, J-P. and Chevrier, V. and Brassac, C.",
PAGES="51--64",
PUBLISHER="Herm\`es",
TITLE="R\^ole de la simulation multi-agent pour comprendre l'origine et l'\'evolution du langage",
YEAR="1998",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: multi-agent systems, ontology, language games, evolutionary linguistics
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@ARTICLE { steels:98b,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Journal of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems",
NUMBER="2",
PAGES="169--194",
TITLE="The Origins of Ontologies and Communication Conventions in Multi-Agent Systems",
VOLUME="1",
YEAR="1998",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: class formation, multi-agent systems, evolutionary linguistics, agents, language games
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:98a,
ADDRESS="Los Alamitos, CA",
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the third international conference on multi-agent systems (ICMAS 98)",
EDITOR="Demazeau, Y.",
PAGES="158--165",
PUBLISHER="IEEE Computer Society",
TITLE="A New Approach to Class Formation in Multi-Agent Simulations of Language Evolution",
YEAR="1998",
}
Kaplan, F., McIntyre, A., Numaoka, C. and Tajan, S.
Growing virtual communities in 3D meeting spaces.
In Heudin, J-C., editor,
Proceedings of Virtual Worlds 98,
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1434,
pages 286-297,
Berlin,
1998
Springer-Verlag.
1998
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Angus McIntyre, Chisato Numaoka
Abstract
Most existing 3D virtual worlds are based on a "meeting-space" model, conceived as an extension of textual chat systems. An attractive 3D interface is assumed to be sufficient to encourage the emergence of a community. We look at some alternative models of virtual communities, and explore the issue of promoting community formation in a 3D meeting space. We identify some essential or desirable features needed for community formation - Identity, Expression, Building, Persistence and Focus of Interest. For each, we discuss how the requirements are met in existing text-based and 3D environments, and then show how they might be met in future 3D virtual world systems.
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: virtual communities, 3D worlds
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@INPROCEEDINGS { kaplan:98b,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F. and McIntyre, A. and Numaoka, C. and Tajan, S.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of Virtual Worlds 98",
EDITOR="Heudin, J-C.",
PAGES="286--297",
PUBLISHER="Springer-Verlag",
SERIES="Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1434",
TITLE="Growing virtual communities in 3D meeting spaces",
YEAR="1998",
}
Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.
Spontaneous Lexicon Change.
Proceedings of COLING-ACL 1998,
pages 1243-1250,
San Francisco, CA,
August
1998
Morgan Kaufmann.
1998
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: lexicon change, self-organization, language games, evolutionary linguistics, agents, simulation
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steelskaplan:98a,
ADDRESS="San Francisco, CA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of COLING-ACL 1998",
MONTH="August",
PAGES="1243--1250",
PUBLISHER="Morgan Kaufmann",
TITLE="Spontaneous Lexicon Change",
YEAR="1998",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: grounding, robotic agents, syntax, language games, evolutionary linguistics
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@ARTICLE { steels:98c,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Artificial Intelligence",
NUMBER="1-2",
PAGES="133-156",
TITLE="The origins of syntax in visually grounded robotic agents.",
VOLUME="103",
YEAR="1998",
}
Steels, L.
Structural Coupling of Cognitive Memories Through Adaptive Language Games.
In Pfeifer, R. and Blumberg, B. and Meyer, J-A and Wilson, S., editor,
From Animals to Animats 5: Proceedings of SAB 98,
pages 263-269,
Cambridge, CA,
1998
The MIT Press.
1998
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: coupling, language games, evolutionary linguistics, agents, simulation
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:98d,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, CA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="From Animals to Animats 5: Proceedings of SAB 98",
EDITOR="Pfeifer, R. and Blumberg, B. and Meyer, J-A and Wilson, S.",
PAGES="263--269",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="Structural Coupling of Cognitive Memories Through Adaptive Language Games",
YEAR="1998",
}
Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.
Stochasticity as a Source of Innovation in Language Games.
In Adami, C. and Belew, R. and Kitano, H. and Taylor, C., editor,
Proceedings of Artificial Life VI,
pages 368-376,
Cambridge, MA,
June
1998
The MIT Press.
1998
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan, Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: language games, stochasticity, innovation, evolutionary linguistics
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steelskaplan:98b,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Kaplan, F.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of Artificial Life VI",
EDITOR="Adami, C. and Belew, R. and Kitano, H. and Taylor, C.",
MONTH="June",
PAGES="368--376",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="Stochasticity as a Source of Innovation in Language Games",
YEAR="1998",
}
Steels, L.
Synthesising the Origins of Language and Meaning Using Co-evolution, Self-organisation and Level formation.
In Hurford, J. and Knight, C. and Studdert-Kennedy, M., editor,
Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive bases,
pages 384-404,
Edinburgh University Press.
Edinburgh,
1998
1998
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
Keywords: co-evolution, self-organization, evolutionary linguistics, meaning creation, agents, simulation, language games
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:98e,
ADDRESS="Edinburgh",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive bases",
EDITOR="Hurford, J. and Knight, C. and Studdert-Kennedy, M.",
PAGES="384--404",
PUBLISHER="Edinburgh University Press",
TITLE="Synthesising the Origins of Language and Meaning Using Co-evolution, Self-organisation and Level formation",
YEAR="1998",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: grammar, syntax, evolution
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@ARTICLE { steels:98f,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Artificial Intelligence",
NOTE="Bobrow, D.G. and Brady, M.J. (eds)",
NUMBER="1-2",
PAGES="133-156",
TITLE="The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents",
VOLUME="103",
YEAR="1998",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: evolutionary linguistics, simulation, agents, language games
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@ARTICLE { steels:97e,
ADDRESS="Amsterdam",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Evolution of Communication Journal",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="1--34",
PUBLISHER="John Benjamins Publishing Company",
TITLE="The Synthetic Modeling of Language Origins",
VOLUME="1",
YEAR="1997",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Type: misc
BibTeX entry
@MISC { picault:97a,
AUTHOR="Picault, S. and Servat, D. and Kaplan, F.",
HOWPUBLISHED="Publication interne ENST ISSN: 0751-1345",
TITLE="EDEN: un systeme evolutif endosemantique",
YEAR="1997",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: syntax, grounding, perception, categorization, robotic agents, language games, evolutionary linguistics
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:97c,
ADDRESS="San Francisco, CA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
EDITOR="Pollack, M.",
PAGES="1632--1641",
PUBLISHER="Morgan Kauffman Publishers",
TITLE="The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents",
YEAR="1997",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: language games, evolutionary linguistics, grounding, perception, categorization, robotic agents
BibTeX entry
@INPROCEEDINGS { steelsvogt:97a,
ADDRESS="Paris",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Vogt, P.",
BOOKTITLE="Intelligence Artificielle et Complexit\'e",
EDITOR="Ali Cherif, A. and Signorini, J.",
PAGES="27--39",
TITLE="Ancrage de Jeux de Langage Adaptatifs dans des Agents Robotiques",
YEAR="1997",
}
Steels, L. and Vogt, P.
Grounding Adaptive Language Games in Robotic Agents.
In Harvey, I. and Husbands, P., editor,
Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Artificial Life,
pages 474-482,
Cambridge, MA,
1997
The MIT Press.
1997
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: language games, grounding, evolutionary linguistics, perception, robotic agents
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steelsvogt:97b,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Vogt, P.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Artificial Life",
EDITOR="Harvey, I. and Husbands, P.",
PAGES="474--482",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="Grounding Adaptive Language Games in Robotic Agents",
YEAR="1997",
}
Steels, L.
Language Learning and Language Contact.
In Daelemans, W. and Van den Bosh, A. and Weijters, A., editor,
Workshop Notes of the ECML/MLnet Familiarization Workshop on Empirical Learning of Natural Language Processing Tasks,
pages 11-24,
ECML/MLnet.
Prague,
1997
1997
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: incollection
Keywords: language contact, evolutionary linguistics, language games, agents, simulation, language learning, evolutionary linguistics
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@INCOLLECTION { steels:97b,
ADDRESS="Prague",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Workshop Notes of the ECML/MLnet Familiarization Workshop on Empirical Learning of Natural Language Processing Tasks",
EDITOR="Daelemans, W. and Van den Bosh, A. and Weijters, A.",
PAGES="11--24",
PUBLISHER="ECML/MLnet",
TITLE="Language Learning and Language Contact",
YEAR="1997",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: perception, semantics, evolutionary linguistics, language games, categorization
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:97a,
ADDRESS="Berlin",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Machine Learning",
EDITOR="van Someren, M. and Widmer, G.",
PAGES="4--13",
PUBLISHER="Springer-Verlag",
TITLE="Constructing and Sharing Perceptual Distinctions",
YEAR="1997",
}
Steels, L.
Self-Organizing Vocabularies.
In Langton, C. and Shimohara, T., editor,
Artificial Life V: Proceeding of the Fifth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems,
pages 179-184,
Cambridge, MA,
1997
The MIT Press.
1997
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: self-organization, simulation, evolutionary linguistics, language games, lexicon, agents
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:97d,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Artificial Life V: Proceeding of the Fifth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems",
EDITOR="Langton, C. and Shimohara, T.",
PAGES="179--184",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="Self-Organizing Vocabularies",
YEAR="1997",
}
Sony CSL authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Type: misc
Keywords: simulation, agents, evolutionary linguistics, language games
BibTeX entry
@MISC { kaplan:97b,
AUTHOR="Kaplan, F.",
HOWPUBLISHED="Rapport de DEA IARFA - LIP6 - Université Paris VI",
SCHOOL="LIP6 - Université Paris VI",
TITLE="Formation de groupes conventionnels dans une population d'agents distribués spatialement",
YEAR="1997",
}
Steels, L.
Emergent Adaptive Lexicons.
In Maes, P. and Mataric, M. and Meyer, J.-A. and Pollack, J. and Wilson, S.W., editor,
From Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference On Simulation of Adaptive Behavior,
pages 562-567,
Cambridge, MA,
1996
The MIT Press.
1996
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: self-organization, lexicons, agents, evolutionary linguistics, simulation
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:96a,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="From Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference On Simulation of Adaptive Behavior",
EDITOR="Maes, P. and Mataric, M. and Meyer, J.-A. and Pollack, J. and Wilson, S.W.",
PAGES="562--567",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="Emergent Adaptive Lexicons",
YEAR="1996",
}
Steels, L.
Perceptually Grounded Meaning Creation.
In Tokoro, M., editor,
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems,
pages 338-344,
Menlo Park, CA,
1996
AAAI Press.
1996
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: inproceedings
Keywords: grounding, evolutionary linguistics, categorization, agents, self-organization, meaning creation, perception
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@INPROCEEDINGS { steels:96b,
ADDRESS="Menlo Park, CA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
BOOKTITLE="Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems",
EDITOR="Tokoro, M.",
PAGES="338--344",
PUBLISHER="AAAI Press",
TITLE="Perceptually Grounded Meaning Creation",
YEAR="1996",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: lexicons, self-organization, language games, evolutionary linguistics
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@ARTICLE { steels:96c,
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Artificial Life Journal",
NUMBER="3",
PAGES="319--332",
TITLE="A self-organizing spatial vocabulary",
VOLUME="2",
YEAR="1995",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: article
Keywords: artificial life, artificial intelligence
BibTeX entry
@ARTICLE { steels:94a,
ADDRESS="Cambridge, MA",
AUTHOR="Steels, L.",
JOURNAL="Artificial Life Journal",
NUMBER="1",
PAGES="89--125",
PUBLISHER="The MIT Press",
TITLE="The Artificial Life Roots of Artificial Intelligence",
VOLUME="1",
YEAR="1994",
}
Sony CSL authors: Luc Steels
Type: book
BibTeX entry
@BOOK { steels:94b,
ADDRESS="New Haven",
AUTHOR="Steels, L. and Brooks, R.",
PUBLISHER="Lawrence Erlbaum Ass",
TITLE="The `artificial life' route to `artificial intelligence'. Building Situated Embodied Agents.",
YEAR="1994",
}