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6, rue Amyot, 75005 Paris, France.
Tel: +33-1-44-08-05-01
Fax: +33-1-45-87-87-50
E-mail: info -at- csl.sony.fr

Professor Luc Steels

language

2015

Foundation of CS-DC e-laboratory: Open Systems Exploration for Ecosystems Leveraging

Topics:
sustainability
Authors
Funabashi M. , Peter Hanappe , Isozaki T. , Maes A. , Sasaki T. , Luc Steels , Yoshida K. |

Proceedings of Complex Systems Digital Campus '15 (CS-DC'15), Phoenix, Arizona (USA), Sept. 28-Oct. 2, 2015.

2013

Fluid Construction Grammar for Historical and Evolutionary Linguistics

Topics:
Language
Authors
Wellens Pieter , Remi van Trijp , Katrien Beuls , Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Association for Computational Linguistics, Sofia, 2013. pp.127--132.

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Abstract

Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG) is an open-source computational grammar formalism that is becoming increasingly popular for studying the history and evolution of language. This demonstration shows how FCG can be used to operationalise the cultural processes and cognitive mechanisms that underly language evolution and change.
2012

Emergent Action Language on Real Robots

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Michael Spranger , Remi van Trijp , Höfer Sebastian , Manfred Hild |

Language Grounding in Robots, edited by:Steels, Luc and Hild, Manfred, Springer, New York, 2012. pp.255--276.

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Abstract

Almost all languages in the world have a way to formulate commands. Commands specify actions that the body should undertake (such as ``stand up''), possibly involving other objects in the scene (such as ``pick up the red block''). Action language involves various competences, in particular (i) the ability to perform an action and recognize which action has been performed by others (the so-called mirror problem), and (ii) the ability to identify which objects are to participate in the action (e.g. ``the red block'' in ``pick up the red block'') and understand what role objects play, for example whether it is the agent or undergoer of the action, or the patient or target (as in ``put the red block on top of the green one''). This chapter describes evolutionary language game experiments exploring how these competences originate, can be carried out and acquired, by real robots, using evolutionary language games and a whole systems approach.
2012

Fluid Construction Grammar: The New Kid on the Block

Topics:
Language
Authors
Remi van Trijp , Luc Steels , Katrien Beuls , Wellens Pieter |

Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL, Avignon, 2012.

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Abstract

Cognitive linguistics has reached a stage of maturity where many researchers are looking for an explicit formal grounding of their work. Unfortunately, most current models of deep language processing incorporate assumptions from generative grammar that are at odds with the cognitive movement in linguistics. This demonstration shows how Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG), a fully operational and bidirectional unification-based grammar formalism, caters for this increasing demand. FCG features many of the tools that were pioneered in computational linguistics in the 70s-90s, but combines them in an innovative way. This demonstration highlights the main differences between FCG and related formalisms.
2012

Grounding Language through Evolutionary Language Games

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Language Grounding in Robots, edited by:Steels, Luc and Hild, Manfred, Springer, New York, 2012. pp.1--22.

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Abstract

This chapter introduces a new experimental paradigm for studying issues in the grounding of language and robots, and the integration of all aspects of intelligence into a single system. The paradigm is based on designing and implementing artificial agents so that they are able to play language games about situations they perceive and act upon in the real world. The agents are not pre-programmed with an existing language but with the necessary cognitive functions to self-organize communication systems from scratch, to learn them from human language users if there are sufficiently frequent interactions, and to participate in the on-going cultural evolution of language.
2012

Fluid Construction Grammar on Real Robots

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , De Beule Joachim , Wellens Pieter |

Language Grounding in Robots, edited by:Steels, Luc and Hild, Manfred, Springer, New York, 2012. pp.195--213.

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Abstract

This chapter introduces very briefly the framework and tools for lexical and grammatical processing that have been used in the evolutionary language game experiments reported in this book. This framework is called Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG) because it rests on a constructional approach to language and emphasizes flexible grammar application. Construction grammar organizes the knowledge needed for parsing or producing utterances in terms of bi-directional mappings between meaning and form. In line with other contemporary linguistic formalisms, FCG uses feature structures and unification and includes several innovations which make the formalism more adapted to implement flexible and robust language processing systems on real robots. This chapter is an introduction to the formalism and how it is used in processing.
2012

Open-ended Procedural Semantics

Topics:
Language
Authors
Michael Spranger , Simon Pauw , Martin Loetzsch , Luc Steels |

Language Grounding in Robots, edited by:Steels, Luc and Hild, Manfred, Springer, New York, 2012. pp.153--172.

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Abstract

This chapter introduces the computational infrastructure that is used to bridge the gap between results from sensorimotor processing and language. It consists of a system called Incremental Recruitment Language (IRL) that is able to configure a network of cognitive operations to achieve a particular communicative goal. IRL contains mechanisms for finding such networks, chunking subnetworks for more efficient later reuse, and completing partial networks (as possibly derived from incomplete or only partially understood sentences).
2012

A Perceptual System for Language Game Experiments

Topics:
Language
Authors
Michael Spranger , Martin Loetzsch , Luc Steels |

Language Grounding in Robots, edited by:Steels, Luc and Hild, Manfred, Springer, 2012. pp.89--110.

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Abstract

This chapter describes key aspects of a visual perception system as a key component for language game experiments on physical robots. The vision system is responsible for segmenting the continuous flow of incoming visual stimuli into segments and computing a variety of features for each segment. This happens by a combination of bottom-up way processing that work on the incoming signal and top-down processing based on expectations about what was seen before or objects stored in memory. This chapter consists of two parts. The first one is concerned with extracting and maintaining world models about spatial scenes, without any prior knowledge of the possible objects involved. The second part deals with the recognition of gestures and actions which establish the joint attention and pragmatic feedback that is an important aspect of language games.
2012

The Emergence of Internal Agreement Systems

Topics:
Language
Authors
Katrien Beuls , Luc Steels , Höfer Sebastian |

Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution, edited by:Steels, Luc, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2012. pp.233--256.

2012

Self-Organization and Selection in Cultural Language Evolution

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution, edited by:Steels, Luc, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2012. pp.1--37.

2012

The Grounded Naming Game

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Martin Loetzsch |

Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution, edited by:Steels, Luc, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2012. pp.41--59.

2012

Emergent Functional Grammar for Space

Topics:
Language
Authors
Michael Spranger , Luc Steels |

Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution, edited by:Steels, Luc, 3, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2012. pp.207-232.

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Abstract

This chapter explores a semantics-oriented approach to the origins of syntactic structure. It reports on preliminary experiments whereby speakers introduce hierarchical constructions and grammatical markers to express which conceptualization strategy hearers are supposed to invoke. This grammatical information helps hearers to avoid semantic ambiguity or errors in interpretation. A simulation study is performed for spatial grammar using robotic agents that play language games about objects in their shared world. The chapter uses a reconstruction of a fragment of German spatial language to identify the niche of spatial grammar, and then reports on acquisition and formation experiments in which agents seeded with a `pidgin German' without grammar are made to interact until rudiments of hierarchical structure and grammatical marking emerge.
2012

Synthetic Modeling of Cultural Language Evolution

Topics:
Language
Authors
Michael Spranger , Luc Steels |

Five Approaches to Language Evolution, edited by:McCrohon, L. and Fujimura, T. and Fujita, K. and Martin, R. and Okanoya, K. and Suzuki, R. and Yusa, N., Evolang9 Organization Committee, Tokyo, 2012. pp.130--139.

2012

Emergent Mirror Systems for Body Language

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Michael Spranger |

Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution, edited by:Steels, Luc, 3, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2012. pp.87--109.

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Abstract

This chapter investigates how a vocabulary for talking about body actions can emerge in a population of grounded autonomous agents instantiated as humanoid robots. The agents play a Posture Game in which the speaker asks the hearer to take on a certain posture. The speaker either signals success if the hearer indeed performs an action to achieve the posture or he shows the posture himself so that the hearer can acquire the name. The challenge of emergent body language raises not only fundamental issues in how a perceptually grounded lexicon can arise in a population of autonomous agents but also more general questions of human cognition, in particular how agents can develop a body model and a mirror system so that they can recognize actions of others as being the same as their own.
2012

Multilevel Alignment Maintains Language Systematicity

Topics:
Language
Authors
Remi van Trijp , Luc Steels |

Advances in Complex Systems, 15, 3--4, 2012.

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Abstract

The question how a shared vocabulary can arise in a multi-agent population despite the fact that each agent autonomously invents and acquires words has been solved. The solution is based on alignment: Agents score all associations between words and meanings in their lexicons and update these preference scores based on communicative success. A positive feedback loop between success and use thus arises which causes the spontaneous self-organization of a shared lexicon. The same approach has been proposed for explaining how a population can arrive at a shared grammar, in which we get the same problem of variation because each agent invents and acquires their own grammatical constructions. However, a problem arises if constructions reuse parts that can also exist on their own. This happens particularly when frequent usage patterns, which are based on compositional rules, are stored as such. The problem is how to maintain systematicity. This paper identifies this problem and proposes a solution in the form of multilevel alignment. Multilevel alignment means that the updating of preference scores is not restricted to the constructions that were used in the utterance but also downward and upward in the subsumption hierarchy.
2011

FAMOUS, faster: using parallel computing techniques to accelerate the FAMOUS/HadCM3 climate model with a focus on the radiative transfer algorithm

Topics:
sustainability
Authors
Peter Hanappe , Anthony Beurivé , Florence Laguzet , Luc Steels , Bellouin N. , Sophie Boucher , Yamazaki Y.H. , Aina T. , Allen M. |

Geoscientific Model Development, 4, 3, 2011. pp.835--844.

2011

Modeling the Cultural Evolution of Language

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Physics of Life Reviews, 8, 4, December, 2011. pp.339--356.

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Abstract

The paper surveys recent research on language evolution, focusing in particular on models of cultural evolution and how they are being developed and tested using agent-based computational simulations and robotic experiments. The key challenges for evolutionary theories of language are outlined and some example results are discussed, highlighting models explaining how linguistic conventions get shared, how conceptual frameworks get coordinated through language, and how hierarchical structure could emerge. The main conclusion of the paper is that cultural evolution is a much more powerful process that usually assumed, implying that less innate structures or biases are required and consequently that human language evolution has to rely less on genetic evolution.
2011

How to Make Construction Grammars Fluid and Robust

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Remi van Trijp |

Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar, edited by:Steels, Luc, 11, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2011. pp.301--330.

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Abstract

Natural languages are fluid. New conventions may arise and there is never absolute consensus in a population. How can human language users nevertheless have such a high rate of communicative success? And how do they deal with the incomplete sentences, false starts, errors and noise that is common in normal discourse? Fluidity, ungrammaticality and error are key problems for formal descriptions of language and for computational implementations of language processing because these seem to be necessarily rigid and mechanical. This chapter discusses how these issues are approached within the framework of Fluid Construction Grammar. Fluidity is not achieved by a single mechanism but through a combination of intelligent grammar design and flexible processing principles.
2011

Why We Need Evolutionary Semantics

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

KI 2011: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 7006, Springer, Berlin, 2011. pp.14--25.

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Abstract

One of the key components for achieving flexible, robust, adaptive and open-ended language-based communication between humans and robots - or between robots and robots - is rich deep semantics. AI has a long tradition of work in the representation of knowledge, most of it within the logical tradition. This tradition assumes that an autonomous agent is able to derive formal descriptions of the world which can then be the basis of logical inference and natural language understanding or production. This paper outlines some difficulties with this logical stance and reports alternative research on the development of an ?embodied cognitive semantics? that is grounded in the world through a robot?s sensori-motor system and is evolutionary in the sense that the conceptual frameworks underlying language are assumed to be adapted by agents in the course of dialogs and thus undergo constant change.
2011

Introducing Fluid Construction Grammar

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar, edited by:Steels, Luc, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2011. pp.3--30.

2011

A First Encounter with Fluid Construction Grammar

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar, edited by:Steels, Luc, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2011. pp.31--68.

2011

A Design Pattern for Phrasal Constructions

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar, edited by:Steels, Luc, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2011. pp.71--145.

2010

Language Networks: Their Structure, Function, and Evolution

Topics:
Language
Authors
Solé R.V. , Corominas-Murtra B. , Valverde S. , Luc Steels |

Complexity, 15, 6, 2010. pp.20--26.

2010

Modeling the Formation of Language in Embodied Agents: Methods and Open Challenges

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents, edited by:Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M., Springer, Berlin, 2010. pp.223--233.

2010

Modeling the Formation of Language: Embodied Experiments

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents, edited by:Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M., Springer, Berlin, 2010. pp.235--262.

2010

Modeling the Formation of Language: Conclusions and Future Research

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Vittorio Loreto |

Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents, edited by:Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M., Springer, Berlin, 2010. pp.283--288.

2010

Babel: A Tool for Running Experiments on the Evolution of Language

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Martin Loetzsch |

Evolution of Communication and Language in Embodied Agents, edited by:Nolfi, S. and Mirolli, M., Springer, Berlin, 2010. pp.307--313.

2009

Citizen Noise Pollution Monitoring

Topics:
sustainability
Authors
Nicolas Maisonneuve , Matthias Stevens , Niessen M. E. , Peter Hanappe , Luc Steels |

dg.o '09: Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (Puebla,Mexico; May 17-20,2009), Digital Government Society of North America / ACM Press, May, 2009.

2009

Aspectual Morphology of Russian Verbs in Fluid Construction Grammar

Topics:
Language
Authors
Kateryna Gerasymova , Luc Steels , Remi van Trijp |

Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, edited by:Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H., Cognitive Science Society, 2009. pp.1370-1375.

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Abstract

Aspect is undoubtedly the most capricious grammatical category of the Russian language. It has often been asserted as a mystery accessible only to native speakers, leaving all the others lost in its apparently infinite clutter. Recent work in cognitive linguistics has tried to bring order to the seeming chaos of the Russian aspectual system. But these approaches have not been operationalized so far. This paper demonstrates how the aspectual derivation of Russian verbs can be handled successfully with Fluid Constructional Grammar, a computational formalism recently developed for the representation and processing of constructions.
2009

How Experience of the Body Shapes Language about Space

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Michael Spranger |

IJCAI'09: Proceedings of the 21st international joint conference on Artifical intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2009. pp.14--19.

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Abstract

Open-ended language communication remains an enormous challenge for autonomous robots. This paper argues that the notion of a language strategy is the appropriate vehicle for addressing this challenge. A language strategy packages all the procedures that are necessary for playing a language game. We present a specific example of a language strategy for playing an Action Game in which one robot asks another robot to take on a body posture (such as stand or sit), and show how it effectively allows a population of agents to self-organise a perceptually grounded ontology and a lexicon from scratch, without any human intervention. Next, we show how a new language strategy can arise by exaptation from an existing one, concretely, how the body posture strategy can be exapted to a strategy for playing language games about the spatial position of objects (as in ?the bottle stands on the table?).
2009

The Grounded Color Naming Game

Topics:
Language
Authors
Joris Bleys , Martin Loetzsch , Michael Spranger , Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (Ro-man 2009), 2009.

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Abstract

Colour naming games are idealised communicative interactions within a population of artificial agents in which a speaker uses a single colour term to draw the attention of a hearer to a particular object in a shared context. Through a series of such games, a colour lexicon can be developed that is sufficiently shared to allow for successful communication, even when the agents start out without any predefined categories. In previous models of colour naming games, the shared context was typically artificially generated from a set of colour stimuli and both agents in the interaction perceive this environment in an identical way. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the colour naming game in a robotic setup in which humanoid robots perceive a set of colourful objects from their own perspective. We compare the resulting colour ontologies to those found in human languages and show how these ontologies reflect the environment in which they were developed.
2009

The Emergence of Collective Structures Through Individual Interactions

Topics:
Language
Authors
Goldstone R. , Griffiths T. , Helbing D. , Gureckis T. , Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the 31th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, edited by:Taatgen, N.A. and van Rijn, H., Cognitive Science Society, 2009.

2009

Cognition and Social Dynamics Play a Major Role in the Formation of Grammar

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Biological Foundations and Origin of Syntax, edited by:Bickerton, D. and Szathmáry, E., 3, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 2009. pp.345--368.

2009

Can Agent-Based Language Evolution Contribute to Archeology?

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Becoming Eloquent: Advances in the Emergence of Language, Human Cognition, and Modern Cultures, edited by:d'Errico, F. and Hombert, J.M., John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2009. pp.267--286.

2008

Self-Interested Agents can Bootstrap Symbolic Communication if They Punish Cheaters

Topics:
Language
Authors
Wang E. , Luc Steels |

The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Evolution of Language, edited by:Smith, A. D. M. and Smith, K. and Ferrer-i-Cancho, R., World Scientific, Singapore, 2008. pp.362--369.

2008

Perspective Alignment in Spatial Language

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Martin Loetzsch |

Spatial Language and Dialogue, edited by:Coventry, K.R. and Tenbrink, T. and Bateman, J.A., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008.

2008

Typological and Computational Investigations of Spatial Perspective

Topics:
Language
Authors
Martin Loetzsch , Remi van Trijp , Luc Steels |

Modeling Communication with Robots and Virtual Humans, edited by:Wachsmuth, I. and Knoblich, G., 4930, Springer, Berlin, 2008. pp.125--142.

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Abstract

This paper is part of an ongoing research program to understand the cognitive and functional bases for the origins and evolution of spatial language. Following a cognitive-functional approach, we first investigate the cross-linguistic variety in spatial language, with special attention for spatial perspective. Based on this language-typological data, we hypothesize which cognitive mechanisms are needed to explain this variety and argue for an interdisciplinary approach to test these hypotheses. We then explain how experiments in artificial language evolution can contribute to that and give a concrete example.
2008

Can Body Language Shape Body Image?

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Michael Spranger |

Artificial Life XI: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, edited by:Bullock, S. and Noble, J. and Watson, R. and Bedau, M. A., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2008. pp.577--584.

2008

In-depth analysis of the Naming Game dynamics: the homogeneous mixing case

Topics:
Language
Authors
Baronchelli Andrea , Vittorio Loreto , Luc Steels |

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C, 19, World Scientific Publishing Company:PO Box 128, Farrer Road, Singapore 912805 Singapore:011 65 6 4665775, EMAIL: journal, 2008. pp.785--812.

2008

Flexible Word Meanings in Embodied Agents

Topics:
Language
Authors
Wellens Pieter , Martin Loetzsch , Luc Steels |

Connection Science, 20, 2-3, 2008. pp.173--191.

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Abstract

Learning the meanings of words requires coping with referential uncertainty ? a learner hearing a novel word cannot be sure which aspects or properties of the referred object or event comprise the meaning of the word. Data from developmental psychology suggest that human learners grasp the important aspects of many novel words after just a few exposures, a phenomenon known as fast mapping. Traditionally, word learning is viewed as a mapping task, in which the learner has to map a set of forms onto a set of pre-existing concepts. We criticise this approach and argue instead for a flexible nature of the coupling between form and meanings as a solution to the problem of referential uncertainty. We implemented and tested the model in populations of humanoid robots that play situated language games about objects in their shared environment. Results show that the model can handle an exponential increase in uncertainty and allows scaling towards very large meaning spaces, while retaining the ability to grasp an operational meaning almost instantly for a great number of words. In addition, the model captures some aspects of the flexibility of form-meaning associations found in human languages. Meanings of words can shift between being very specific (names) and general (e.g. ?small?). We show that this specificity is biased not by the model itself but by the distribution of object properties in the world.
2008

The Robot in the Mirror

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Michael Spranger |

Connection Science, 20, 4, 2008. pp.337-358.

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Abstract

Humans maintain a body image of themselves, which plays a central role in controlling bodily movement, planning action, recognising and naming actions performed by others, and requesting or executing commands. This paper explores through experiments with autonomous humanoid robots how such a body image could form. Robots play a situated embodied language game called the Action Game in which they ask each other to perform bodily actions. They start without any prior inventory of names, without categories for visually recognising body movements of others, and without knowing the relation between visual images of motor behaviors carried out by others and their own motor behaviors. Through diagnostic and repair strategies carried out within the context of action games, they progressively self-organise an effective lexicon as well as bi-directional mappings between the visual and the motor domain. The agents thus establish and continuously adapt networks linking perception, body representation, action, and language.
2008

The Symbol Grounding Problem Has Been Solved. So What’s Next?

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Symbols and Embodiment: Debates on Meaning and Cognition, edited by:de Vega, M., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008.

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Abstract

This chapter briefly discusses the issues of symbols, meanings, and embodiment. It explains the solution to the symbol grounding problem. It illustrates the ingredients that are employed in the experiments about language emergence using a specific example of a color guessing game. It argues that these experiments show that there is an effective solution to the symbol grounding problem. The objective test for this claim is in the increased success of agents in the language games.
2008

The Emergence of Embodied Communication in Artificial Agents and Humans

Topics:
Language
Authors
Galantucci Bruno , Luc Steels |

Embodied Communication in Humans and Machines, edited by:Wachsmuth, I. and Lenzen, M. and Knoblich, G., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008.

2008

Social Tagging in Community Memories

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Eugenio Tisselli |

In Proceedings of AAAI Symposium on Social Information Processing, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, California, USA, 2008. pp.98--103.

2008

Biological Roots of the Social Brain

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Vilarroya O. |

Biological Theory, 3, 1, 2008. pp.93--98.

2008

In-depth analysis of the Naming Game dynamics: the homogeneous mixing case

Topics:
language
Authors
Andrea Baronchelli , Vittorio Loreto , Luc Steels |

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C, 19, World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008. pp.785--812.

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Abstract

Language emergence and evolution have recently gained growing attention through multi-agent models and mathematical frameworks to study their behavior. Here we investigate further the Naming Game, a model able to account for the emergence of a shared vocabulary of form-meaning associations through social/cultural learning. Due to the simplicity of both the structure of the agents and their interaction rules, the dynamics of this model can be analyzed in great detail using numerical simulations and analytical arguments. This paper first reviews some existing results and then presents a new overall understanding.
2007

Multi-Level Selection in the Emergence of Language Systematicity

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Remi van Trijp , Wellens Pieter |

Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Artificial Life, edited by:Almeida e Costa, F. and Rocha, L.M. and Costa, E. and Harvey, I., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007.

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Abstract

Language can be viewed as a complex adaptive system which is continuously shaped and reshaped by the actions of its users as they try to solve communicative problems. To maintain coherence in the overall system, different language elements (sounds, words, grammatical constructions) compete with each other for global acceptance. This paper examines what happens when a language system uses systematic structure, in the sense that certain meaning-form conventions are themselves parts of larger units. We argue that in this case multi-level selection occurs: at the level of elements (e.g. tense affixes) and at the level of larger units in which these elements are used (e.g. phrases). Achieving and maintaining linguistic coherence in the population under these conditions is non-trivial. This paper shows that it is nevertheless possible when agents take multiple levels into account both for processing meaning-form associations and for consolidating the language inventory after each interaction.
2007

The Recruitment Theory of Language Origins

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Emergence of Language and Communication, edited by:Lyon, C. and Nehaniv, C. L. and Cangelosi, A., Springer, Berlin, 2007. pp.129--151.

2007

Fifty Years of AI: From Symbols to Embodiment – and Back

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

50 Years of Artificial Intelligence, Essays Dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of Artificial Intelligence, edited by:Lungarella, M. and Iida, F. and Bongard, J. and Pfeifer, R., 4850, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2007. pp.18--28.

2007

Is Symbolic Inheritance Similar to Genetic Inheritance?

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30, 4, 2007. pp.376--377.

2007

Social Dynamics: Emergence of Language

Topics:
Language
Authors
Vittorio Loreto , Luc Steels |

Nature Physics, 3, 11, 2007. pp.758--760.

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Abstract

Our social behaviour has evolved primarily through contact with a limited number of other individuals. Yet as a species we exhibit uniformities on a global scale. This kind of emergent behaviour is familiar territory for statistical physicists.
2007

Language Originated in Social Brains

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Social Brain Matters: Stances of Neurobiology of Social Cognition, edited by:Vilarroya, O. and Forn i Argimon, F., Editions Rodopi, Amsterdam, 2007. pp.223--242.

2007

Embodiment and Self-Organization of Human Categories: A Case Study for Speech

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , de Boer Bart |

Body, Language, and Mind, edited by:Ziemke, T. and Zlatev, J. and Frank, R.M., 1: Embodiment, Mouton De Gruyter, Berlin, 2007. pp.411--430.

2006

Augmenting Navigation for Collaborative Tagging with Emergent Semantics

Topics:
language
Authors
Melanie Aurnhammer , Peter Hanappe , Luc Steels |

International Semantic Web Conference, 2006.

2006

Interoperability Through Emergent Semantics A Semiotic Dynamics Approach

Topics:
language
Authors
Luc Steels , Peter Hanappe |

Journal on Data Semantics VI, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2006. pp.143--167.

2006

How to do Experiments in Artificial Language Evolution and Why

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on, edited by:Cangelosi, A., Smith A. and Smith K., World Scientific Publishing, London, 2006.

2006

Unify and Merge in Fluid Construction Grammar

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Joachim De Beule |

Symbol Grounding and Beyond: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Commun, edited by:Vogt, P. and Sugita, Y. and Tuci, E. and Nehaniv, C., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006. pp.197--223.

2006

Semiotic Dynamics for Embodied Agents

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

IEEE Intelligent Systems, 21, 3, May/June, 2006. pp.32--38.

2006

Experiments on the Emergence of Human Communication

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 8, August, 2006. pp.347--349.

2006

Augmenting Navigation for Collaborative Tagging with Emergent Semantics

Topics:
Language
Authors
Melanie Aurnhammer , Peter Hanappe , Luc Steels |

International Semantic Web Conference, 2006.

2006

How Grammar Emerges to Dampen Combinatorial Search in Parsing

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Pieter Wellens |

Symbol Grounding and Beyond: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Commun, edited by:Vogt, P. and Sugita, Y. and Tuci, E. and Nehaniv, C., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006. pp.76--88.

2006

Interoperability Through Emergent Semantics A Semiotic Dynamics Approach.

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Peter Hanappe |

Journal on Data Semantics VI, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2006. pp.143--167.

2006

Collaborative Tagging as Distributed Cognition

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Pragmatics and Cognition, 14, 2, 2006. pp.287--292.

2006

Does Complex Learning Require Complex Connectivity?

Topics:
Language
Authors
de la Mora-Basáñez C.R. , Guerra-Hernández A. , Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the Ibero-American AI Conference (IBERAMIA-SBIA 2006), edited by:Sichman, J.S. and Coelho, H. and Rezende, S.O., 4140, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2006. pp.572-581.

2006

Sharp transition towards shared vocabularies in multi-agent systems

Topics:
language
Authors
Andrea Baronchelli , Maddalena Felici , Vittorio Loreto , Emanuele Caglioti , Luc Steels |

Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, P06014, IOP Publishing, 2006. pp.P06014--P06019.

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Abstract

What processes can explain how very large populations are able to converge on the use of a particular word or grammatical construction without global coordination? Answering this question helps to understand why new language constructs usually propagate along an S-shaped curve with a rather sudden transition towards global agreement. It also helps to analyse and design new technologies that support or orchestrate self-organizing communication systems, such as recent social tagging systems for the web. The article introduces and studies a microscopic model of communicating autonomous agents performing language games without any central control. We show that the system undergoes a disorder/order transition, going through a sharp symmetry breaking process to reach a shared set of conventions. Before the transition, the system builds up non-trivial scale-invariant correlations, for instance in the distribution of competing synonyms, which display a Zipf-like law. These correlations make the system ready for the transition towards shared conventions, which, observed on the timescale of collective behaviours, becomes sharper and sharper with system size. This surprising result not only explains why human language can scale up to very large populations but also suggests ways to optimize artificial semiotic dynamics.
2005

Hierarchy in Fluid Construction Grammar

Topics:
Language
Authors
De Beule Joachim , Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the 28th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, edited by:Furbach, U., 3698, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 2005. pp.1-15.

2005

Linking in Fluid Construction Grammars

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , De Beule Joachim , Nicolas Neubauer |

Proceedings of BNAIC, Submitted, Transactions of the Belgian Royal Society of Arts and Sciences, Brussels, 2005. pp.11--18.

2005

What triggers the emergence of grammar?

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

AISB'05: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Communication (EELC'05), To appear in: AISB '05, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, 2005. pp.143--150.

2005

Planning What To Say: Second Order Semantics for Fluid Construction Grammars

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Joris Bleys |

Proceedings of CAEPIA '05. Lecture Notes in AI., edited by:Bugarin Diz, A. and J. Santos Reyes, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2005.

2005

Coordinating Perceptually Grounded Categories Through Language: A Case Study For Colour

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Belpaeme Tony |

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 4, 2005. pp.469-489.

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Abstract

This article proposes a number of models to examine through which mechanisms a population of autonomous agents could arrive at a repertoire of perceptually grounded categories that is sufficiently shared to allow successful communication. the models are inspired by the main approaches to human categorisation being discussed in the literature: nativism, empiricism, and culturalism. colour is taken as a case study. although we take no stance on which position is to be accepted as final truth with respect to human categorisation and naming, we do point to theoretical constraints that make each position more or less likely and we make clear suggestions on what the best engineering solution would be. specifically, we argue that the collective choice of a shared repertoire must integrate multiple constraints, including constraints coming from communication.
2005

The Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Structure: From Lexical to Grammatical Communication Systems

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Connection Science, 17, 3-4, Sep-Dec, 2005. pp.213--230.

2005

The Semiotic Dynamics of Color

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Belpaeme Tony |

Behaviroral and Brain Sciences, 28, 4, 2005. pp.515--529.

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Abstract

The interesting and deep commentaries on our target article reflect the continued high interest in the problem of colour categorisation and naming. clearly, colour remains for many cognitive science related disciplines a fascinating microworld in which some of the most fundamental issues for cognition and culture can be studied. although our target article took the stance of practically oriented engineers who are trying to find the best solution for orchestrating the self-organisation of communication systems in artificial agents, most commentators focus on the implications for cognitive science and we will do the same in our reply.
2004

Social and cultural learning in the evolution of human communication

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Evolution of communication systems : A comparative approach, edited by:Kimbrough Oller, D. and Griebel, U., The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2004. pp.69--90.

2004

Macro-operators for the Emergence of Construction Grammars

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

SONY CSL, 2004.

2004

The Evolution of Communication Systems by Adaptive Agents

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

A Learning Zone of One's Own, edited by:Tokoro, M. and L. Steels, 2636, IOS Press, Berlin, 2004. pp.125--140.

2004

The Autotelic Principle

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Embodied Artificial Intelligence, edited by:Fumiya, I. and Pfeifer, R. and Steels,L. and Kunyoshi, K., 3139, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2004. pp.231--242.

2004

Constructivist Development of Grounded Construction Grammars

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, edited by:Daelemans, W. and Walker, M., Association for Computational Linguistic Conference, 2004. pp.9-19.

2004

The Architecture of Flow

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

A Learning Zone of One's Own, edited by:Tokoro, M. and Steels, Luc, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2004. pp.135--150.

2004

The Architecture of Flow

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

A Learning Zone of One's Own, edited by:Tokoro, M. and L. Steels, IOS Press, 2004.

2004

Analogies between Genome and Language Evolution

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Artificial Life IX: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, edited by:Pollck, J. et al., The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2004. pp.200--207.

2003

Shared grounding of event descriptions by autonomous robots.

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Jean-Christophe Baillie |

Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 43, 2-3, May, 2003. pp.163-173.

2003

Evolving grounded communication for robots

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Trends in Cognitive Science, 7, 7, July, 2003. pp.308-312.

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Abstract

The computational and robotic modeling of language evolution is emerging as a new exciting subfield in cognitive science. The objective is to come up with precise operational models how communities of agents, equiped with a cognitive apparatus, a sensori-motor system, and a body, can arrive at shared grounded communication systems that have similar characteristics as human languages. Apart from its technological interest for building novel applications in the domain of human-robot or robot-robot interaction, this research is potentially relevant to the many disciplines interested in the origins and evolution of language.
2003

Language-reentrance and the ‘Inner Voice’

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Journal of Consciousness Studies, 10, 4-5, 2003. pp.173-185.

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Abstract

As soon as we stop talking aloud, we seem to experience a kind of `inner voice', a steady stream of verbal fragments expressing ongoing thoughts. What kind of information processing structures are required to explain such a phenomenon? Why would an inner voice' be useful? How could it have arisen? This paper explores these questions and reports briefly some computational experiments to help elucidate them.
2003

Intelligence with representation

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 361, 1811, October, 2003. pp.2381--2395.

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Abstract

Behavior-based robotics has always been inspired by earlier cybernetics work such as that of Grey Walter. It emphasises that intelligence can be achieved without the kinds of representations common in symbolic AI systems. The paper argues that such representations might indeed not be needed for many aspects of sensori-motor intelligence but become a crucial issue when bootstrapping to higher levels of cognition. It proposes a scenario in the form of evolutionary language games by which embodied agents develop situated grounded representations adapted to their needs and the conventions emerging in the population.
2003

A Distributed Learning Algorithm for Communication Development

Topics:
Language
Authors
De Jong E.D. , Luc Steels |

Complex Systems, 14, 4-5, 2003. pp.315-334.

2003

Social Language learning

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

The Future of Learning, edited by:Tokoro, M. and Steels, Luc, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2003. pp.133-162.

2003

Shared grounding of event descriptions by autonomous robots

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Jean-Christophe Baillie |

Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 43, 2-3, 2003. pp.163--173.

2003

Evolving grounded communication for robots

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , J-C. Baillie |

Trends in Cognitive Science, 7, 7, July, 2003. pp.308-312.

2003

Linguistique �volutionaire et vie artificielle

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Vie Artificielle: Technique et sciences informatiques RSTI série TSI, 22, 2, 2003. pp.197--219.

2002

Bootstrapping grounded word semantics

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Frédéric Kaplan |

Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: formal and computational models, edited by:Briscoe, T., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2002. pp.53--74.

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Abstract

The paper reports on experiments with a population of visually grounded robotic agents capable of bootstrapping their own ontology and shared lexicon without prior design nor other forms of human intervention. The agents do so while playing a particular language game called the guessing game. We show that synonymy and ambiguity arise as emergent properties in the lexicon, due to the situated grounded character of the agent-environment interaction, but that there are also tendencies to dampen them so as to make the language more coherent and thus more optimal from the viewpoints of communicative success, cognitive complexity, and learnability.
2002

Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Frédéric Kaplan , Angus McIntyre , Joris Van Looveren |

The Transition to Language, edited by:Wray, A., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2002. pp.252--271.

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Abstract

We have been conducting large-scale public experiments with artificial robotic agents to explore what the necessary and sufficient prerequisites are for word-meaning pairs to evolve autonomously in a population of agents through a self-organized process. We focus not so much on the question of why language has evolved but rather on how. Our hypothesis is that when agents engage in particular interactive behaviors which in turn require specific cognitive structures, they automatically arrive at a language system. We study this topic by performing experiments based on artificial systems. One such experiment, known as the Talking Heads Experiment, employs a set of visually grounded autonomous robots into which agents can install themselves to play language games with each other.
2002

Iterated Learning versus Language Games. Two models for cultural language evolution

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the International Workshop of Self-Organization and Evolution of Social Behaviour, edited by:Hemelrijk, C. and Bonabeau, E., University of Zurich, Zurich, 2002.

2002

Simulating the Evolution of a Grammar for Case

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Presented at the 4th International Conference on the Evolution of Language, Harvard University, 2002.

2002

Emergent Semantics

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

IEE Intelligent Systems, 17, 1, 2002. pp.83--85.

2001

Social learning and verbal communication with humanoid robots

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NY, 2001. pp.335--342.

2001

The role of language in learning grounded representations

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Learning grounded representations: Papers from the 2001 AAAI Spring Symposium, edited by:Cohen, P.R. and Oates, T., AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2001. pp.80--83.

2001

Grounding symbols through evolutionary language games

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Simulating the evolution of language, edited by:Cangelosi, A. and Parisi, D., Springer Verlag, London, 2001. pp.211--226.

2001

Language Games for Autonomous Robots

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

IEEE Intelligent Systems, 16, 5, October, 2001. pp.16-22.

2001

The methodology of the artificial

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Behavioral and brain sciences, 24, 6, 2001. pp.1077-1078.

2000

AIBO’s first words: The social learning of language and meaning

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Frédéric Kaplan |

Evolution of Communication, 4, 1, 2000. pp.3--32.

2000

Language as a Complex Adaptive System

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, edited by:Schoenauer, M. and Deb, K. and Rudolph, G. and Yao, X. and Lutton, E. and Merelo, J.J. and Schwefel, H-P., 1917, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, September, 2000. pp.17-26.

2000

The Emergence of Grammar in Communicating Autonomous Robotic Agents

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

ECAI 2000: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial Life, edited by:Horn, W., IOS Publishing, Amsterdam, August, 2000. pp.764--769.

2000

Crucial factors in the origins of word-meaning

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Frédéric Kaplan , Angus McIntyre , Joris Van Looveren |

Proceedings of The 3rd Evolution of Language Conference, edited by:Dessalles, J-L. and Ghadakpour, L., ENST 2000 S 002, Paris, 2000. pp.214--217.

2000

Origine et ‘evolution du langage : exp’eriences robotiques

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Frédéric Kaplan |

Revue du Palais de la Découverte, 278, May, 2000. pp.63--67.

2000

The cultural evolution of syntactic constraints in phonology

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer |

Artificial Life VII: Proceedings of the seventh International Conference on Artificial Life, Proceedings of the VIIth Artificial life conference (Alife 7), MIT Press, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000. pp.382--394.

2000

The puzzle of language evolution

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Kognitionswissenschaft, 8, 4, 2000. pp.143-150.

2000

Mirror Neurons and the Action Theory of Language Origins

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Architectures of the Mind, Architectures of the Brain, September, 2000.

1999

The Spontaneous Self-organization of an Adaptive Language

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Machine Intelligence 15, edited by:Muggleton, S., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999. pp.205--224.

1999

Collective learning and semiotic dynamics

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Frédéric Kaplan |

Advances in Artificial Life: 5th European Conference (ECAL 99), edited by:Floreano, D. and Nicoud, J-D and Mondada, F., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999. pp.679--688.

1999

The Talking Heads Experiment. Volume 1. Words and Meanings

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Laboratorium, Antwerpen, 1999.

1999

Spatially Distributed Naming Games

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Angus McIntyre |

Advances in complex systems, 1, 4, Herm`es, Paris, January, 1999. pp.301--323.

1999

Amorc{c}age d’une s’emantique lexicale dans une population d’agents autonomes, ancr’es et situ’es

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Frédéric Kaplan |

Traitement automatique du langage naturel 1999, edited by:Amsili, P., Cargèse, Corse, 1999. pp.393--398.

1999

Situated Grounded Word Semantics

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Frédéric Kaplan |

Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence IJCAI 99, edited by:Dean, T., 2, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, 1999. pp.862-867.

1999

How language bootstraps cognition

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

KogWis '99: Proceedings der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft f�r Kognitionswissenschaft, edited by:Wachsmutt, I. and Jung, B., Infix, Braunschweig, 1999. pp.1--3.

1998

The Origins of Ontologies and Communication Conventions in Multi-Agent Systems

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Journal of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 1, 2, 1998. pp.169--194.

1998

The origins of syntax in visually grounded robotic agents.

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Artificial Intelligence, 103, 1-2, 1998. pp.133-156.

1998

Structural Coupling of Cognitive Memories Through Adaptive Language Games

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

From Animals to Animats 5: Proceedings of SAB 98, edited by:Pfeifer, R. and Blumberg, B. and Meyer, J-A and Wilson, S., The MIT Press, Cambridge, CA, 1998. pp.263--269.

1998

Stochasticity as a Source of Innovation in Language Games

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Frédéric Kaplan |

Proceedings of Artificial Life VI, edited by:Adami, C. and Belew, R. and Kitano, H. and Taylor, C., The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, June, 1998. pp.368--376.

1998

Synthesising the Origins of Language and Meaning Using Co-evolution, Self-organisation and Level formation

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive bases, edited by:Hurford, J. and Knight, C. and Studdert-Kennedy, M., Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1998. pp.384--404.

1998

The Origin of Linguistic Categories

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Presented at Conference of the Evolution of Language in 1998, 1998.

1998

The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Artificial Intelligence, 103, 1-2, 1998. pp.133-156.

1997

The Synthetic Modeling of Language Origins

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Evolution of Communication Journal, 1, 1, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1997. pp.1--34.

1997

The Origins of Syntax in Visually Grounded Robotic Agents

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, edited by:Pollack, M., Morgan Kauffman Publishers, San Francisco, CA, 1997. pp.1632--1641.

1997

Ancrage de Jeux de Langage Adaptatifs dans des Agents Robotiques

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Vogt P. |

Intelligence Artificielle et Complexité, edited by:Ali Cherif, A. and Signorini, J., Paris, 1997. pp.27--39.

1997

Grounding Adaptive Language Games in Robotic Agents

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels , Vogt P. |

Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Artificial Life, edited by:Harvey, I. and Husbands, P., The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997. pp.474--482.

1997

Language Learning and Language Contact

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Workshop Notes of the ECML/MLnet Familiarization Workshop on Empirical Learning of Natural Language Processing Tasks, edited by:Daelemans, W. and Van den Bosh, A. and Weijters, A., ECML/MLnet, Prague, 1997. pp.11--24.

1997

Constructing and Sharing Perceptual Distinctions

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Machine Learning, edited by:van Someren, M. and Widmer, G., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997. pp.4--13.

1997

Self-Organizing Vocabularies

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Artificial Life V: Proceeding of the Fifth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, edited by:Langton, C. and Shimohara, T., The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997. pp.179--184.

1996

Emergent Adaptive Lexicons

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

From Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference On Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, edited by:Maes, P. and Mataric, M. and Meyer, J.-A. and Pollack, J. and Wilson, S.W., The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996. pp.562--567.

1996

Perceptually Grounded Meaning Creation

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, edited by:Tokoro, M., AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 1996. pp.338--344.

1995

A self-organizing spatial vocabulary

Topics:
Language
Authors
Luc Steels |

Artificial Life Journal, 2, 3, 1995. pp.319--332.

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Abstract

Language is a shared set of conventions for mapping meanings to utterances. This paper explores self-organization as the primary mechanism for the formation of a vocabulary. It reports on a computational experiment in which a group of distributed agents develop ways to identify each other using names or spatial descriptions. It is also shown that the proposed mechanism copes with the acquisition of an existing vocabulary by new agents entering the community and with an expansion of the set of meanings.

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